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| An anthology of inherited hymns; key piece of Vedic literature. |
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| A collection of the utterances said during certain Vedic rituals. |
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| A collection of sacred verses sang to special melodies; had complete musical notations. These melodies were sang by the cantor(s). |
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| A fourth collection of hymns made specifically for the magical aversion of evil. Seen as "closer" to the common people. |
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| A collection of instructions for conducting rituals. |
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| "compositions for the wilderness" |
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| contain philosophical reflections, 6th century BCE |
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| Literally means "action." Good or bad actions determine the future of a person, even beyond death. |
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| Means "cycle of rebirth." The cycle of re-birth and re-death without beginning or end. |
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| Means "self." The individual self of a person (the self or soul that is being reborn). |
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| The "ultimate reality" of the cosmos. The whole universe. |
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| Means "liberation." Escaping the cycle by understanding the identity of atman and Brahman are united with one another. |
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| "wheel of becoming" or "wheel of life" |
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| One of the first Vedic texts which details the beginning of the world. |
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| "earth, water, fire, air, and space" |
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"great eon"
vast periods of time which last for millions of years |
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| the inanimate portion of this world |
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| The Six Realms of Rebirth |
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| Humans, gods, asuras (constitute the good portion of the bhavacakra). Animals, ghosts, hell (constitute the bad portion of bhavacakra). |
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| The Lord of Death who holds the bhavacakra. |
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| Greed (raga), hatred (dvesa), and delusion (moha). Represented by a cock, a pig, and a snake. |
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| A collection of stories about Buddha's previous lives. |
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| Deterministic fate. Things that happen without the effect of karma. |
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| "englightenment being" "bound for englightenment" The Buddha is his earlier lives. |
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| The tribe that Buddha supposedly belonged to. He was often called "the sage of Sakyamuni." |
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| the site of Buddha's birth |
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| Certain sutras provides biographical details, such as the Discourse of the Great Decease (Mahaparinirvana Sutra). |
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"awakening"
the tree under which the Buddha had his awakening |
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| a religious mendicant dressed in an orange robe |
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| the Buddha's first teacher |
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| the Buddha's second teacher |
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| the Buddha's cousin and personal attendant |
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| the Buddha's aunt/stepmother. Encouraged him to establish the Buddhist set of nuns. |
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| The "earth-touching" gesture made during Buddha's Enlightenment and Mara's conquest. |
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