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Intro to Biochemistry
For use in Lab Bio.
38
Biochemistry
10th Grade
10/01/2010

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Cards

Term
Organic Compound
Definition
Compound that contains carbon - is living
Term
Inorganic Compound
Definition
Compound with no carbon - non living
Term
Adhesion
Definition
Water molecules and molecules of solid surface attract to each other
Term
Capillary aciton
Definition
ability to spread through fine pores or more up narrow tubes - against gravity (in plants)
Term
Polar compound
Definition
oxygen has a slight negative charge and H has slight positive charge
- most polar molecules dissove in water
Term
Dehydration Synthesis
Definition
(condensation reaction) links monomers together - give up H+ and OH- which form water
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
breakdown of polymers into monomers
water molecule splits into H+ and OH- ions
Term
Name the Functional Groups
Definition
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Carbonyl (Ketone, CO)
Carboxyl (COOH)
Amino group (NH2)
Phosphate (PO4)
Term
Polymers
Definition
repeated linking units
"poly" = many
Term
Monomer
Definition
Single unit
"mono" - one
Term
Macromolecule
Definition
Large polymers
"macro" = big
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
A simple sugar. Glucose, fructose, and sucros are all C6 H12 O6
Term
Fructose
Definition
Found in fruit
Term
Galactose
Definition
Found in milk
Term
Sucrose
Definition
table sugar
glucose + fructose
Term
Maltose
Definition
glucose + glucose
Term
Lactose
Definition
glucose + galactose
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
Complex molecule of 3 or more monosaccharides
(starch, cellulose, glycogen)
Term
Disaccharide
Definition
2 monosaccharides combine in a condensation reaction forming a double sugar
Term
Isomers
Definition
Compounds that differ in structure but not molecular composition
"iso" = same
Term
Lipids
Definition
Fatty compounds composed of C H O
(fats, oils, wax) (do not dissolbe in water)
Term
Fatty acid
Definition
long, straight chains of hydrocarbons
chain with a carboxyl (COOH) group
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
Water loving carboxyl end
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
Water hating hydrocarbon end
Term
Wax
Definition
Long fatty acid to a long alcohol chain
Term
Steroids
Definition
4 carbon rings
Term
Triglyceride
Definition
3 molecules of fatty acid to one molecule of glycerol
Term
Protein
Definition
made of NOCH
formed from amino acids
Term
How many amino acids are there?
Definition
20
Term
Amino acids are composed of
Definition
carboxyl(COOH), amio group(NH2), carbon atom, hydrogen atom, and R group
Term
dipeptide
Definition
2 amino acids together
Term
polypeptide
Definition
proteins of 2 or more amino acids
Term
Peptide Bond
Definition
A bond between N and C
Term
Catalyst
Definition
substance that speeds up chemical reactions
Term
Enzyme
Definition
Speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
protein that acts as a catalyst intermediary metabolism
Term
Activation Energy
Definition
Amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to get started and continue on its own
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
Building blocks of DNA
Term
Nucleotide is made up of
Definition
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base
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