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| A system of government in which the people rule; rule by the many |
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| Rule by the few, where a minority group holds power over a majority, as in an aristocracy or a clerical establishment |
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| Rule by the one, where power rests in the hands of a king or queen |
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| A for of political decision making in which the public business is decided by all citizens meeting in small assemblies |
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| Indirect democracy, in which the people rule through elected representatives |
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| The basic principle of democracy that people are the ultimate source of government authority and the policies that government leaders make |
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| The form of political decision making in which policies are decided on the basis of what a majority of the people want |
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| The principle that says that each person carries equal weight in the conduct of the public business |
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| Guarantees by government of equal citizenship to all social groups |
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| The principle that citizens in a democracy are protected from government interference in the exercise of a range of basic freedoms, such as the freedoms of speech, association, and conscience |
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| The idea that government is the result of an agreement among people to form one, and that people have the right to create an entirely new government if the terms of the contract have been violated by the existing one |
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| Representative Democracy characterized by popular sovereignty, liberty, and political equality. |
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| Suppression of the rights and liberties of a minority by a majority |
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| popular term for the system of legally sanctioned racial segregation that existed in the American south until the middle of the 20th century |
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| a loose association of states or territorial units without any or much power in a central authority |
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| The basic framework of law that prescribes how government is to be organized, how decisions are to be made, and what powers and responsibilities government shall have |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| The first constitution of the united states, adopted during the last stages of the revolutionary war, created a system of government with most power lodged in the states and little in the central government |
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| a political doctrine advocating limited government based on popular consent, protected against majority tyranny |
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| the abuse of inalienable rights of citizens by government |
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| a legislative body with a single chamber |
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| laws postponing the collection of taxes or mortgage payments |
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| proposal by the larger states at the constitutional convention to create a strong central government with power in the government apportioned to the states on the basis of population |
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| Proposal of Smaller states at the constitutional convention to create a government based on equal representation of the states in a unicameral legislature |
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| also called the great compromise, the comprise between the nj and va plans formulated by conn delegates at the constitutional convention; called for a lower legislative house based on population size and an upper house based on equal representation of the states |
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| elected representatives of the states, a majority of whose votes formally elect the president. The number of electors in each state is equal to the total number of its senators and representatives |
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| Describing a system in which significant governmental powers are divided between a central government and smaller territorial units like the states |
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| The provision in article vi of the constitution that states that the constitution and the laws and treatises of the us are the supreme law of the land, taking precedence over state laws and constitutions |
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| Article I Section 8 of the constitution also called the necessary and proper clause gives congress the authority to make whatever laws are necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated responsibilities |
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| the first 10 amendments to the us constitution, concerned with the protection of basic liberties |
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| The distribution of government legislative, executive, and judicial powers to separate branches of government |
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| The constitutional principle that each of the separate branches of government has the power to hinder the actions of the other branches as a way to prevent tyranny |
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| an economic system characterized by competitive markets and private ownership; similar to capitalism |
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| proponents of constitution during the ratification fight |
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| Opponents of the constitution during the fight for ratification |
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| the power of the supreme court to declare actions of the other branches and levels of government unconstitutional |
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| A document sometimes issued by the president in connection with the signing of a bill from congress that sets out the president's understanding of the new law and how executive branch officials should carry it out |
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| A system in which a central government has complete power over its constituent units or states |
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| Part of bill of rights, says that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states are reserved for the states and the people |
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| 10th amendment of the constitution |
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| powers under that constitution that are shared by the federal government and the states |
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| Term used to refer to relationships among the states |
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| Agreements among states to cooperate on solving mutual problems; requires approval by congress |
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| The view of us federalism that holds that the constitution created a system in which the national govt is supreme, relative to the states, and that it granted that gov't a broad range of powers and responsibilities |
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| The view of us federalism that holds that the constitution created a system of dual sovereignty in which the national government and the state gov'ts are sovereign in their own spheres |
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| An interpretation of federalism in which the states and the national gov't have separate jurisdictions and responsibilities |
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| an attempt by the states to declare national laws or actions null and void |
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| Exclusion of the states from actions that might interfere with federal authority or statues |
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| 13, 14, and 15 amendments adopted after civil war |
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| The section of the 14th amendment that prohibits states from depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
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| The section of the 14th amendment that provides equal protection of the laws to all persons |
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| The delegation of power by the central government to state or local bodies |
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| Federalism in which the powers and responsibilities of the states and that national gov't are intertwined and in which they work together to solve common problems; said to have characterized the 1960s and 70s |
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| That aspect of federalism having to do with federal grants to the states |
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| Funds from national govt to state and local govts to help pay for federal programs |
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| Federal Aid to states and localities clearly specifying what the money can be used for |
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| Federal grants to the states to be used for general activities |
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| Federal aid to the states without any conditions on how the money is to be spent |
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| Federal Grants with provisions requiring that state and local governments follow certain policies in order to obtain funds |
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| a formal order from fed govt that the states carry out certain policies |
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| Antiforeign; applied to political movements in the 19th century united states |
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| movement of people from rural areas to cities |
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| The transformation of an economy from one dominated by agriculture to one dominated by manufacturing |
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| States in the Lower South, Southwest, and West |
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| monetary value of all goods and services produced in a nation each year excluding income residents use abroad |
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| the midpoint of all households ranked by income |
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| The fed govt's calculation of the amount of income families of various sizes need to stay out of poverty. 2008 = 22,025 for family of 4 |
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| An economic system characterized by private ownership of productive assets where decisions about how to use these assets are made by individuals and firms operating in a market rather than by government |
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| The increasing tendency of information. products, and financial capital to flow across national borders with the effect of more tightly integrating the global economy |
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| the most fundamental beliefs in a national population about human nature, the country, and the economy |
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| the set of core beliefs in a country in that help shape how people behave politically and what they believe the govt should do |
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| the process by which individuals come to have certain core beliefs and political attitudes |
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| The belief that the common person is every bit as good as those with wealth and power |
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