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lady of the lamp, higher-upper class, not wanting kids, denied marriage, checked on soliders at night with a lamp
1860 1st school of nursing, london |
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| speciality groups were made, operating rooms, midwifery, ED, critical care |
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| above the age of 30, no chronic diseases, good health, experience, good conduct, order, neatness |
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renewed in 2001, better facilitate, changes in curriculum
----Disaster management, terrorism, nursing in multiple care settings |
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| cultural, spiritual, language, lacking medical knowledge, urban/metropolitan care |
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| bills for dying, pregnant women |
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| advocates for uninsured, under paid |
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| health care costs increased |
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| researched practice, proving what your doing is helpful, decreasing infection rates |
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professional registered nurse education: LPNs, ADNs
Graduate: Masters
Doctoral: Doctorate
Continuing education: inservices |
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| Scope and Standard of Practice |
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| standard of practice, professional appearance, code of ethics |
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nurse practice act
licensure and certification-NCLEX
science and art of nursing practice, critical thinking |
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| Caregiver, educator, manager, advocate, communicator |
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| Nationally, ANA, International Council of Nursing, National SNA |
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| Organisms results in disease |
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| process from person to person |
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| when microorganisms invade self without host |
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Infectious agent-
reservior- pathogens can survive (dark moist places)
portal of exit- coughing, sneezing, shaking hands, urine, STDs,
Mode of Transmission- prevent; handwashing
Portal of Entry- incision, break of skin, foreign; IV, NG, OG tube
Host- immunocompromised; chemo pt |
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Infection Process
Incubation |
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| time period from the entrance of pathogen and appearance of 1st symptom |
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| onset of non specific symptoms, nausea, fatigue, to more specific |
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| directly affected to the disease...ex- increased WBCs |
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| Mask, gloves, gown, eyewear |
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| increased WBCs, coughing, sneezing, fever |
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Inflammation
Excudate- drainage |
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keeps in one area, immune system brings it together to heal
pus- infection |
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| vascular and cellular responses |
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| Clean, but not sterile, absense of disease producing organism |
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| treat bodily fluid as if they have some sort of infection..PPEs |
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22% of regular hand washing..#1 prevention of spreading the disease
before and after pt care...15 seconds |
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Empty containers at water level
dont hold close to uniform
dipose medical wastes in properly biohazard bags
cough etiquette
keep systems intact- IVs, catheters |
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| avoid direct "contact", private room, gown gloves, mask |
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disease transmitted by large particles, great than 5mcg, 3-6ft transmitted
ex. flu, scarlet fever, specific pneumonias
mask, PPE |
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small particles, less than 5mcg, in air for long periods of time, HEPPA air filtered rooms, Negative Pressure Room
ex. TB, chicken pox |
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limited client population, reverse isolation, protecting pt from nurse, immunocompromised pt.
no flowers, potted plants, no pepper |
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| What does Isolation do to your pt |
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consoling bc pt has to wear PPE
Education
Diversion activities
psychological state |
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sterile can touch sterile
-if you cant see it or it goes below waists..not sterile |
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| health care delivery system |
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| history of healthcare costs |
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| professional standards review organization, review of |
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| quality, quantity, cost of care, medicare/medicaid |
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| review of admissions, diagnostic testing, treatments |
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| fixed amount providers receive per pt |
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| Prospective Payment system |
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1983
eliminate cost reimbursement plans
overall cost instead of specific item |
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| Diagnosis related to groups |
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| specific $$ amount for what diagnosis their considered to be in |
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federally funded
greater than 65 y/o
parts A- basic protectiom..medical, surgical, psych.
B- voluntary medical insurance covers physician and some out pt services
C- 3 different types of insurance plans
D- prescription drug improvement |
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provides health insurance to low income families
health assistance to low income people with long term care disabilities
supplemental coverage for long term assistance to older adults..ie- nursing homes |
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| Preventative/Primary Care |
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healthy and out of hospital
clean living environment, rest, excerise
health attitudes, promotion |
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diagnosis and treatment- disease management most common
settings- hospitals
acute and chronically ill- 20%
80%- costs
19-29 years old- usually not covered |
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| Rehabilitation, ongoing care in home or rehab centers, nutrition, IV fluids, clients, families, healthcare, workers |
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provide health and social services to clients who live at home
associated with hospitals
continuous healthcare
mentally disabled, elderly |
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similar to adult day care
short-term care
watches loved ones, while family runs errands
not neccessarily everyday |
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elderly, chronic care pt
home or residental care
laundry, cooking, cleaning |
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long term care
24 hours
older adults, disorders, or brain damage
temporary or permanent |
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Home, retirement center, nursing home
ADLs, meals on wheels
not a lot of family
continuing needs
includes every age |
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between hospital stay and going home
RUSK, SNIFF
post surgery or procedure |
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incurable diseases
family centered care at home
ensures death with dignity
comfort |
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restorative, physical or mental
hospital or clinical setting
speech, drug/alcohol
all ages |
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Medical Terminology
Descriptive |
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| shape, color, size, function |
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Medical Terminology
Eponym |
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| someone discovered something and name it after themselves |
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| prefix, word root and sufix |
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stylistics, in-text citations, references
typed, doubled spaced
1in margins
12 pt times roman font
no words like- I, we, us, you
references- alphbetical order
common knowledge- not quoted |
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designed to explain a phenomenon
-concepts, definitions, assumptions
ideas, environmental factors |
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Nursing
Health- tons of definitons
Person- recipient of nursing care
Environment/Situation- conditons that affect the pt |
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| presentation of major parts of nursing and how they relate to each other |
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| to human responses to actual or potential problems |
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provides for the theoretical and practical aspects of the discipline
- subject, general concept
- nursing, includes
history, education, practice |
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Maslow Law
- food, water, warmth, rest |
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| Belonging and Caring needs |
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| Goal of the theory to the recipient |
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| a set of parts connected to function as a whole for some purpose |
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| All conditions surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons and groups with particular consideration of mutuality of person and earths resources |
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| provokes a response, point of interaction for the human system and the environment..acts on the person as a whole |
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| most immediate....ex. what did they fall on, or trip on |
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| all other stimulus present in the situation |
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environment factors that are unclear, he hasn't acknowledged it
....but once he does acknowledge it, it becomes CONTEXTUAL |
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| changing your behavior to better the situation |
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| survival, growth, reproduction, mastery, person and environment transformation...is what you receive |
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doesnt contribute to the integrity of the person
ex.beigning to bc of a bad grade |
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| acquired ways of interacting with the changing environment |
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| developed through learning, deliberate and conscious |
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| mixing it together, structures and functions of a life process as a whole to meet human needs |
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| test, challenge, study...coping mechanisms activated by a challenge to the person |
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| ex. death in the family, compromised adaptation |
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behavior pertaining to the physical aspect of the human system...
---oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest
ex. senses- blind
fluid- dehydrated |
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to know who you are, underlying need, physical need..body sensation, image
ex. Anorexia |
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expectations of the person occupying the position
--underlying need.. roles such as mother, father, daughter, etc. |
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relationship that exsists for a reason
--ex. giving chocolate cake bc of doing good on a test
--interacts with love, respect, and value |
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maintain homeostasis...AUTOMATICALLY...increase of decrease in heart rate, blood pressure...
ex. mom in labor, drive up mtns, emergency response |
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learned automatic response, cognitive and emotional mechanisms
ex. driving a car, answering a phone |
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| Psychic & spiritual Integrity |
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