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Intro Psychology Chapter 3
Psychology Test
37
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
10/08/2018

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Term
5 Functions of Sleep
Definition
Sleep protects, Sleep helps us recuperate, Sleep helps restore and rebuild our fading memories of the day’s experience, Sleep feeds creative thinking, Sleep supports growth
Term
Cognitive Neuroscience
Definition
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition
Term
Theories of Dreaming
Definition
To satisfy our own wishes, key to understanding our inner conflicts, to file away memories, to preserve neural pathways, to make sense of neural static, to reflect cognitive development
Term
Two-Track Mind
Definition
Discovery made by scientists that the mind works on two tracks: conscious and unconscious
Term
Selective Attention
Definition
The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
Term
Inattentional Blindness
Definition
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Term
Change Blindness
Definition
Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of inattentional blindness
Term
Dual Processing
Definition
The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks (two-track mind)
Term
Blindsight
Definition
A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it
Term
Parallel Processing
Definition
Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; generally used to process well-learned information of to solve easy problems
Term
Sequential Processing
Definition
Processing one aspect of a problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems
Term
Sleep
Definition
A periodic, natural loss of consciousness
Term
REM Sleep
Definition
Rapid Eye Movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur, the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active
Term
Circadian Rhythm
Definition
Our biological clock that regulates our bodily rhythms over the course of 24 hours
Term
Consciousness
Definition
Being aware, a person’s awareness of him/herself and the environment
o Can be used in a literal sense to mean being aware of what’s around you
o Can be used in a non-literal way such as being aware of social things or self awareness
o Thoughts and sensations are examples of awareness and consciousness
Term
Unconscious Mind
Definition
A parallel track of our mind that works 24/7 to process information and we are not aware of it
• Thousands of things can be processed at any given moment that we are not aware of
Term
Altered States of Consciousness
Definition
When you are in an altered state of consciousness you are not fully alert to what is happening in your environment and altered states of consciousness reflect the grey area between consciousness and unconsciousness
Examples include “zoning out”, relaxing, daydreaming, sleeping, orgasm, hypnosis, light to heavy drug use, and coma
Term
Types of Waves for Sleep
Definition
Beta, Alpha, Theta, and Delta
Term
Beta Waves
Definition
Awake and alert, or REM sleep
Can be both awake or REM because your brain is active in both of those states and beta waves can be measured at both states
Term
Alpha Waves
Definition
Awake but relaxed/sedated
Term
Theta Waves
Definition
Light stages of sleep (Stage 1 and 2)
Stage 1 sleep a person may not know they are sleeping if they have been woken up
Stage 2 theta waves are longer and slower than stage 1 theta waves
Term
Delta Waves
Definition
Deepest stage of sleep (Stage 3)
Long, slow delta waves
Term
Sleep Stages: A Typical Progression
Definition
o For most people, after you fall asleep, you climb downward in a step by step fashion from the lightest to the deepest stages of sleep
o We spend much more time in stage 3 of sleep earlier in the night, and as time goes on we spend less time in stage 3 and more time in REM
o During REM sleep portions of the night, the dreams later in the night are typically able to be remembered better than the dreams earlier in the night
o There is not always perfect progression such as 1-2-3-REM-1-2-3-REM
o A typical sleep cycle takes (on average) 90 minutes, and we complete 4-6 cycles per night assuming 6-8 hours of sleep
o Every person goes through all of the stages (to some degree) every night
Term
Oddities of Sleep
Definition
You hallucinate when you sleep- during NREM-1 (sleep stage 1), especially the first NREM-1 (these are called hypnagogic images)
o The feeling of catching yourself falling is called a hypnic jerk, and we still have no solid evidence as to why this happens
o You are mostly paralyzed during REM sleep
Term
Why do Hypnic Jerks Happen?
Definition
There is no solid evidence why this happens
♣ Could be because of an evolutionary reason
♣ Could be neurons misfiring
♣ Could be a “glitch” in how the stages of sleep play out
Term
Manifest Content
Definition
What you actually see/hear experience in a dream
Term
Latent Content
Definition
Hidden, what it all means on a deeper level; what it indicates about your unconscious mind
Term
Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis
Definition
Dreams are a product of random activity between the pons limbic system, and cortex
Your frontal lobe is asleep. You can’t make sense of it all but you see things familiar to you
Term
Psychoactive Drugs
Definition
Alter thinking, behavior, emotion, sensation/perception, and other mental processes to varying degrees
Term
Major Types of Drugs
Definition
Depressants, Stimulants, Hallucinogens, Mixed Properties (drugs that have multiple kinds of effects)
Term
Depressants
Definition
Drugs that slow you down; slow down Nervous System and produce disinhibition (reckless because your frontal lobe isn’t working so well), relaxation, drowsiness, sometimes euphoria
Term
Benzodiazepines
Definition
Xanax, valium, highly addictive
Term
Stimulants
Definition
Speed us up; the NS and produce sensations of energy, clarity/focus, and euphoria.
o Stimulants likely to produce intense euphoria as compared to depressants
o Amphetamines (meth, Adderall), cocaine, nicotine, caffeine
Term
Hallucinogens
Definition
Distort sensations and perceptions, usually have calming/euphoric effect. The way you see and perceive things are modified
Term
Example of Mixed Property Drug
Definition
Ecstasy
Term
Opiates
Definition
Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin, depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Term
Psychological Dependence
Definition
Feeling that a drug is needed for emotional or psychological well-being
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