Term
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Definition
Involves goal directed behaviour
Motives - needs, wants and interests that propel people in certain directions |
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Definition
External goal that has the capacity to motivate behaviour
ex. A on exam, ice cream |
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Term
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Definition
An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension
*Seek homeostasis |
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Term
| Evolutionary Theories for Motivation |
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Definition
| Natural selection favours behaviours that maximize reproductive success |
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Term
| Biological Factors of Hunger |
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Definition
Brain regulation - hypothalamus
Glucose/Digestive Reg - decrease blood glucose = more hunger
Hormonal Reg - insulin |
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Term
| Environmental Factors of Hungers |
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Definition
Food availability
learned preferences and habits
stress |
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Term
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Definition
| The body monitors fat cell levels to keep them fairly stable |
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Term
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Definition
| Person's preference for emotional and sexual relationship with individuals of the same sex, other sex or either sex |
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Term
| Environmental Theories of Homosexuality |
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Definition
Freud - like to become gay if raised by weak father, detached father, overprotective mother
Feminine behaviour in boys predicts homosexuality 70-95% |
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Term
| 4 Phases of Sexual Response |
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Definition
1. Excitement - arousal, heart respiration rate
2. Plateau - arousal builds
3. Orgasm - peak |
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Term
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Definition
| Time following orgasm during which males are largely unresponsive to further stimulation |
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Definition
| Need to master difficult challengers to out perform others and to meet hight standards of excellence |
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Definition
1. A subjective conscious experience (cognitive)
2. Bodily arousal (physiological)
3. Characteristic Overt Expression (behavioural) |
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Term
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Definition
| Norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms seek to maintain homeostasis, a state of physiological equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
Propose that an external stimuli regulate motivational states
push and pull models: internal states of tension push people in certain directions, external stimuli pull people in certain directions |
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Term
| Biological Motives in Humans |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Achievement motive, Affiliation motive (need for social bonds), Dominance motive (need to influence or control others) |
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Term
| Theories of Hunger focus on |
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Definition
1. Role of the brain
2. Blood-sugar Level
3. Hormones |
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Term
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Definition
Studies where it was lesioned showed animals to have little to no interest in eating
- as if the hunger centre had been destroyed |
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Term
| Ventromedial Nucleus of Hypothalamus |
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Definition
| Animals ate excessively and gained weight rapidly as if their ability to recognize satiety had been destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| plays a larger role in the modulation of hunger |
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Term
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Definition
| depend on GABA, ghrelin, orexins, Neuropeptide Y and seratonin |
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Term
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Definition
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy
- decrease blood- glucose level can increase hunger |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurons sensitive to glucose in the surrounding fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluctuations in blood-glucose levels are monitored in the brain by glucostats |
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Term
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Definition
Hormone secreted by pancreas that must be present for cells to extract glucose from the blood
- secretion of this is related to increase in hunger |
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Term
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Definition
Produced by fat cells throughout the body and released into the bloodstream
- provides the hypothalamus with info about the bodys fat stores |
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Term
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Definition
Condition of being overweight
- based on body mass index (an individuals weight and hight divided) |
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Term
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Definition
| Proposes that weight tends to drift around on the level at which the constellation of factors that determine food consumption and energy expenditure achieves an equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
Occur when people eat too much in relation to their exercise level
May be manifested as eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle class of gonadal hormones in females |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle class of gonadal hormones in males |
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Term
| Hormones are secreted by.. |
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Definition
Gonads!
- ovaries in females
- testes in males |
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Term
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Definition
boom boom i vant u in my room
man and woman |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| boom boom boy and boy girl and girl |
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Term
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Definition
engorgement of blood vessels
- produces penile erections and swollen testes
- swelling and hardening of clitoris, lubrication, expansion of vaginal lips |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when sexual arousal reaches its peak intensity and is discharges in a series of muscular contractions that pulsate through the pelvic area |
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Term
| Factors in achievement in a situation |
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Definition
1. strength of motivation to achieve success
-stable aspect of personality
2. estimate of probability of success for the task
3. incentive value of success
- depends on rewards for success |
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Term
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Definition
the conscious experience of emotional results from ones perception of autonomic
" I feel afraid because I tremble"
Stimulus --> Autonomic Arousal--> Conscious feeling |
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Term
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Definition
Emotion occurs when the thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex and to the autonomic nervous system
"The dog makes me tremble and I feel afraid"
Stimulus-->Subcortical Brain activity -->conscious feeling and autonomic arousal |
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Term
| Schatchter's Two-Factor theory |
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Definition
We experience emotion depending on two factors:
1. autonomic arousal
2. cognitive interpretation of that arousal
- when you experience visceral arousal you search your environment for an explanation
"I label my trembling as fear because the situation I appraised is dangerous"
Stimulus-->reaction-->appraisal-->conscious feeling |
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Term
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Definition
| Fear, anger, enjoyment, disgust, surprise, contempt, shame, sadness, distress, guilt, acceptance, anticipation |
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Term
| Common Sense about Emotions |
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Definition
| Stimulus-->Fear--> autonomic arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| Depends on normalities or abnormalities in amygdala |
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Term
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Definition
Monitoring physiological indices of autonomic arousal
directly assessing the truthfulness of a persons statement
monitoring the persons facial expressions |
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Term
| Cross Cultural comparisons of emotional experience |
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Definition
The types of events that trigger specific emotions are fairly similar across cultures
the physiological reactions that accompany emotions tend to be similar across cultures
people of different cultures tend to categorize emotions somewhat differently |
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