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intro music
final review
99
Music
Undergraduate 2
12/03/2007

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Term
Haydn
Definition
1752-1809 Austrian, Vienna (boys choir)
classical
Esterhazy family
string quartet: wrote 68
operas,symph,sonatas
variety w/in unity
false recap
ex) rondo: ABACABADA + coda
ex) minuet+trio; presto
Term
Esterhazy Family
Definition
Hungary
best instrumentalists, exposure, cant publish
Term
Mozart
Definition
1756-1791 Austrian, Vienna
classical
Piano concerto, opera, symphony
all genres classic music
genius, toured Europe w/fam, breaks rules, make on his own
ex)don giovanni
ex)andante,allegro molto
Term
Beethoven
Definition
1770-1827 German
symphony
all genres
romantic, changed orch, instrum, length
cresendo,themes loud/quiet,dramatic use of classic structure,sudden key change
early,middle,late years
-early:keyboard/chamber, then larger forms, melancholy(deaf)
--heroic:concentration, prolific, very long
--late:piano sonatas,9th symp(solos+choir),string q. very rich.
ex)symp no. 5 and 9
Term
Johann Wolfang von Goethe
Definition
German writer, romantic, Faust
Term
Schubert
Definition
1797-1828 Vienna
romantic
voice,piano,chamber music
smaller pieces (miniatures), wrote 900 works-600 songs, song cycles, operas, symph,string q
ex) death and maiden
Term
Chopin
Definition
1810-1849 Polish, Paris
romantic
1st of great piano virtuosos
all comps written for solo piano, no prog music
miniatures: accessible, simple
major, constant beat
dances,free forms w/o dance rhythms
ex)prelude, waltz
Term
Schumann
Definition
1810-1856 German
romantic
literary
piano, symp, chamber
miniatures
quartet,lieder,symphony,piano
pianist
minor, thick texture, no constant beat, dense harmony
ex)traumerei
Term
Paganini
Definition
1782-1840
romantic
virtaosos
violin, writes for self, fast seq
Term
Liszt
Definition
1811-1886 Hungarian
romantic
one of most avant-garde composers:ignored rules
work is very difficult to play
virtaosos
lover,piano, wrote for all
transcription
uses every note
piano music,symph
ex)transcendtal etude
Term
Berlioz
Definition
1802-1869 French
romantic symphony
wrote what he wanted,emo, large large orch
ex)symphonie fantastique--best known work- idee fixe(recurrent theme)
Term
Smetana
Definition
1824-1884
romantic symphony
symph tone poem: geography: Moldeau- river in Czech
Term
Brahms
Definition
1833-1897 Vienna
romantic symphony
symph,concerto,quartets
harmony,chord,all instrum @ once
schumann,beethoven,bach
classic,baroque forms
ex)Passacaglia
ex) symp no. 4
Term
Mahler
Definition
1860-1911 Vienna,Austria
late romantic symphony
biggest conductor in Vienna
large orch (esp brass)
disson chords, diff keys, transitional, relig
ex) Resurrection
ex) Urlicht- symp No. 2
Term
Verdi
Definition
Italian
romantic opera
wrote 28- Otello, melodrama, natlism
Term
Puccini
Definition
1858-1925 Italian
romantic opera
verismo-earth of people(ordinary)
ex)madame butterfly
Term
Wagner
Definition
1813-1883 Germany
romantic opera
music drama
Gesantkunstwerk, liet motive
ex)liebestod- tristan+isolde
Term
Debussy
Definition
1862-1918
20th: impressionism
prelude to afternoon-poetry by mallarme
Term
Mallarme
Definition
poet: prelude to afternoon
Term
Stravinsky
Definition
1882-1971 Paris
20th: primitivism, neoclass
ballet russes, polytonality
ex)rite of spring
ex) dumarton oaks (off key)
ex)le sacre du printemps
Term
Diaghilev
Definition
ballet russes, stravinsky
Term
Nijinksy
Definition
dancer, ballet russes
Term
Schoenberg
Definition
1874-1951 Vienna, Germany, Calif
expressionism: atonal
composition, small audiences
ex) madonna, sorchstimme
Term
Berg
Definition
18 -1935
serialism
Wozzeck-most pop opera
most pop serial opera composer
Term
Webern
Definition
18 -1945
serialism
constant beat, rand notes
Term
Bartok
Definition
18 -1945 Hungary
ethonomusicology: studied others, uses in his piece
ex)string quartet
Term
Shostakovich
Definition
1906-1975 Sov Union
sov realism
ex)Lady Macbeth, 5th symphony
Term
Penderecki
Definition
1933- Polish
avant-garde style, tone clusters, graphic notation
Term
Copland
Definition
1900-1990 Paris, U.S
tonal
Nadia
Term
Boulanger
Definition
French, taught to have own voice
Term
Reich
Definition
1936 U.S
minimalism; guitar, bass
phasing
ex) diff. trains
Term
Steiner
Definition
Term
Gershwin
Definition
Term
Bernstein
Definition
Term
Williams
Definition
Term
classical era: classical symphony
Definition
form: sonata,decapo,min+trio,rondo
orch
fast n serious, slow n lyrical, graceful, fast and lively
Mannheim, Stamitz
violin,violla,cello,bass(string quartet)
came from opera: instrum part
Term
classical era: string quartet
Definition
violin(2),violla,cello,bass
Term
classical era: sonata form
Definition
"1st movement", expos,develop,recap; listen to beginn-most impo
expos:AB(1st,2nd keys), cadence, repeat
dev:variety
recap:AB(1st key)
coda
Term
classical era: aria form
Definition
ABA slow-fast-slow
Term
classical era: minuet and trio form
Definition
ternary form: AABB CCDD AABB(or AB)
min trio min
contrast in trio
Term
classical era: rondo form
Definition
fast, scatero, catchy tune
A=refrain B=episode
ex) ABACABADA coda
Term
classical era: rondo: refrain, epidisodes
Definition
Term
classical era: theme and variations
Definition
melody(homo,poly,maj,min)
bass line
chord progression
Term
classical era: theme and var: theme: melody, bass line, or chord progression; Passacaglia
Definition
passagalia--chord homo
Term
Romanticism: the sublime
Definition
nature,emo, grandeur, awe
subjective,personal
Term
Romanticism: heiligenstadt testament
Definition
beethoven 1802: 1st time ack going deaf, most prolific time (mid yrs)
Term
Romanticism: metronome
Definition
standardized set of beats- tell exactly how played
posterity
Term
Romanticism: lied/lieder
Definition
romantic:miniatures
mult verses text
Schubert
voice: smaller, clear
3 categ: simple strop,mod strop,through
Term
Romanticism: lied/lieder: strophic/modified strophic/through composed form
Definition
strophic: use same music for ea stanza
mod: at end
through: diff for ea stanza
Term
Romanticism: lied/lieder: song cycle
Definition
multiple lieder, series of songs, all work together
Term
Romanticism: lied/lieder: schubertiade
Definition
Term
Romanticism: piano miniature
Definition
single movements: prelude,dance,nocturne
romantic song: voice+piano, song mirrors text
Term
Romanticism: piano minature: nocturne
Definition
moody, introspective
Term
Romanticism: rubato
Definition
decide own tempo
keeps tempo going in accomp while melody slows down and catches up
Term
Romanticism: virtuoso
Definition
long pieces, complex, solo instrum, travelers
Term
Romanticism: program music
Definition
prog,titles,narrative= gateway for listener, from there-subjective
Term
Romanticism: program music: idee fixe
Definition
each movement has own melody line
romantic symphony
Term
Romanticism: program music: tone poem
Definition
have theme
ex)geography for Moldeau
Term
Romanticism: nationalism
Definition
post napolean, countries unifying
Term
Romanticism: absolute music
Definition
why limit piece
Term
Romanticism: conductor
Definition
Term
Romanticism: Passacaglia
Definition
Brahms, theme and var: theme: set of 8 chords--chordal homo
Term
Romanticism: ochestration
Definition
manip orch sounds
Term
Romanticism: transcription
Definition
Liszt, rearrange work from diff genres
Term
Opera: aria
Definition
ABA' slow-fast-slow
Term
Opera:recitative
Definition
Term
Opera: libretto
Definition
Term
Opera: overture
Definition
beginning, instrumental, set mood, fast-slow-fast, sinfonia
Term
Opera: opera buffa
Definition
comic plot, bass roles, smaller
change from baroque
ex) don giovanni-mozart
Term
Opera: verismo
Definition
realism, puccini, focus o earth of people (ordinary, poor)
Term
Opera: Gesamtkunstwek / music drama
Definition
wagner, music drama, must be about where person from, must write libretto, must conduct,direct
Term
Opera: Leitmotiv
Definition
wagner, every character has theme
Term
Opera: Bayreuth
Definition
theater, 1st with elec lighting
Term
20th Century Composition: Impressionism
Definition
20th cent Paris, nothing explicit
no triad chord--no maj/min, fuzzy rhythm
small forces,dance,new harmony
Term
20th Century Composition: Impressionism: Whole tone scale, Penatonic scale, Symbolist Poetry
Definition
whole tone: less notes, like wandering
penatonic: 5 notes
Term
20th Century Composition: Primitivism
Definition
violence, basic, instinctual, all rhythm based
Term
20th Century Composition: Primitivism: Ballet Russes, Polytonality
Definition
polytonality: no tonic, Stravinsky
Term
20th Century Composition: Neo-classicism
Definition
b4 romanticism, WW1-mistrust prev gen, no natlist
mech,classical,symm,Bach,Mozart+twist
Term
20th Century Composition: Expressionism
Definition
atonal, Schoenberg
Term
20th Century Composition: Expressionism: Atonality, Sprechstimme
Definition
Atonal: every pitch played same,lacks structure,rand sound,disson
sprechstimme:every piece diff
Term
20th Century Composition: Serialism
Definition
twelve tone: based on 12 pitches in particular order to create melody line
Term
20th Century Composition: Ethnomusicology
Definition
study others, use their melody,rhythm,chords
ex)Bartok
Term
20th Century Composition: Soviet Realism
Definition
b4 WW2, Stalin, pol.purpose
Shostakovich
Term
20th Century Composition: Postmodernism
Definition
Term
20th Century Composition: Minimalism
Definition
Reich
Term
20th Century Composition: Minimalism: Speech Melody, Phasing
Definition
speech mel: string quartet plays what governess says
phasing: 2 part start together, shift, come together
Term

Film Music: musical underscoring

Definition
Term
Film Music: diegetic music/ source music
Definition
Term
Film Music: non-diegetic music
Definition
Term
classical era (musical)
Definition
1750-1800
bal,proport,clarity,accessibility
easy on ear
melody+accomp
bal phrases, simple harmony, light accomp (walking bass)
ruled by convention
genres: opera,symp,string quart,sonata
masters: haydn, mozart
Term
classical era (historical)
Definition
Hapsburg empire-Vienna (music center)
enlightened monarch (reason), death Louis XIV, Fr Revol, mid class-publ concert,
Term
classical era (musical genres)
Definition
opera:attack on baroque, comic opera-simple music, norm character
symp: most impo, strings,woodwind,trumpets/drums(sometimes)
chamber:string quart (same 4 movement pattern), sonata (keyboard/keyb+1)
also concertos
new genres: piano concerto, comic opera, string quartet
Term
classical era (musical forms)
Definition
sonata,aria,min+trio,rondo
Term
romantic era (musical)
Definition
1800-1900
orch larger, change dynamics, tempo-long,slow,changes, long melody "yearning", loose form, prog music, extremes:massive/mini, symph poem
brilliant indiv performers ruled stage
Term
romantic era (historical)
Definition
change, indus revol(inc std of living), vs. rational, want emo, faith, god, nature, natlism (fr revol), public music, indiv
Term
romantic era (musical genres)
Definition
opera, symp,
song, requiem mass (voice for both)
concerto, string q, symph poem, mixed genres.
fave instrum: piano,violin
symph poem, symph
Term
romantic era (musical forms)
Definition
Term
20th century (historical)
Definition
Paris, tech, suffering, ww2, GD
modernism: self-consc innov
experimentation
impressionism, primitivism,neoclassicsm,expressionism,serialism,sov russia,postmod,minimalism

Term
20th century (musical)
Definition
3 periods:early(modernism), mid(serialism),late(postmod)
mod:debussy,strav,schoen
serial:schoen replc sys
postmod:variety influ, return to melody,conson,tonality
tonality replaced,nontrad scales,elec instrum,question all aspects, pop music blended w/classical style
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