Term
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Definition
| In every fallacy of Relevance the premisses are logically irrelevant to the conclusion. |
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Definition
| In every fallacy of Induction the premisses fail to logically support the conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| In every fallacy of presumption the truth of the conclusion is presumed in the premisses. |
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Term
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Definition
| In every fallacy of ambiguity a key term shifts meaning in the context leading to a fallacious conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| EMO Ad Populum - Appeal to Emotion is committed if and only if emotion is used to establish a conclusion rather than reason and evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
| AdH (ab) Attack against the Person - Ad Hominem abusive is committed if and only if the person is attacked rather than the argument. |
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Term
| Ad Hominem (circumstantial) |
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Definition
| AdH (cir) Ad Hominem circumstantial is committed if and only if the person's circumstances are attacked rather than the argument. |
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Term
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Definition
| IC (ignoratio elenchi) Irrelevant conclusion is committed if and only if the premisses are logically irrelevant to the conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| FORCE Ad Baculum is committed if and only if a force real or imagined is used to establish a conclusion rather than reason and evidence. |
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Term
| Appeal to Inappropriate Authority |
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Definition
| AUTH Ad Verecundiam is committed if and only if an individual is used to establish a conclusion but the conclusion is outside that individual's expertise. |
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Term
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Definition
| IGN Ad Ignorantiam is committed if and only if a conclusion is presumed to be true because it hasn't been disbroved, or is presumed to be false because it hasn't been proved. |
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Term
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Definition
| FC Non Causa Pro Causa is committed if and only if two events that are nearly temporally contiguous are said mistakenly to be causally related. |
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Term
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Definition
| ACC Accident is committed if and only if a rule is applied in error to an individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| C ACC Converse Accident is committed if and only if the enunciation of a rule is in error because the individual case on which the rule is based does not support the rule. |
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Term
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Definition
| BQ Petitio Principii is committed if and only if the truth of the conclusion is presumed in the premisses. |
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Term
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Definition
| CQ is committed if and only if one asks a question that presumes a conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| EQ is committed if and only if a key term shifts meaning within the context leading to a fallacious conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| AMPH is committed if and only if a key term shifts meaning within the context due to grammatical structure leading to a fallacious conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| ACCENT is committed if and only if a key term shifts meaning in a context due to accent leading to a fallacious conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| COMP is committed if and only if the attributes of the parts are applied in error to the whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| DIV is committed if and only if the attributes of the whole are applied in error to the parts. |
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Term
| Steps to Method of Logical Analogy |
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Definition
| 1. Original Argument 2. Lexicon 3. Underlying Logical Form 4. New Lexicon 5. New substitution instances |
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Term
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Definition
| An argument is a series of complete declarative sentences, unambiguous on their face in support of a conclusion. Every Argument contains at least one premiss and at most one conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deductive arguments intend to prove their conclusions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inductive arguments intend to logically support their conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Syllogism is an argument with two premisses, and three noun terms only. |
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Term
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Definition
| An argument is valid if and only if it is logically impossible for all the premisses to be true and the conclusion to be false. |
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Term
| Seven steps for analyzing an article |
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Definition
| 1.Read Banner 2.Read Blurb 3.Read First and Last Paragraph 4.Read article for vocab. 5.Read to ID main point, put in own words 6.Find author's sentence w/main point 7.Read for 2-3 premisses supporting main point. |
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Term
| Conclusion Line Indicator |
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Definition
| The conclusion line indicator indicates that everything above the line is A premiss and everything below the line is THE conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| RH is committed if and only if attention is diverted to a logically irrelevant person or thing. |
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Term
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Definition
| SP is committed if and only if an unenunciated argument is attributed to the person. |
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Term
| List the Fallacies of Relevance |
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Definition
| Ad Hominem, Ad Baculum, Ad Populum, Straw Person, Red Herring, Non Sequitur |
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Term
| List the Fallacies of Induction |
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Definition
| Ignorance, Inappropriate Authority, False Cause, Accident, Converse Accident |
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Term
| List the Fallacies of Presumption |
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Definition
| Begging the Question, Complex Question |
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Term
| List the Fallacies of Ambiguity |
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Definition
| Equivocation, Amphiboly, Accent, Composition, Division |
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