1. to prevent crime by patrol

2. to educate pubic on crime prevention

3. to investigate crime and arrest those suspected of crime

1. determine guilt or innocence

2. determine a just sentence

1. punishment, because criminals deserve it

2. deterrence: what we do to offenders will make others not to it

3. rehab: programs and what is done to the offender in the system may create internal change that will make him or her more law abiding

4. incapacitation: if nothing else, we believe we should hold the offender so no more crimes will be committed

1. non persecution

2. acquittal

3. completion of pretrial diversion

4. completion of probation

5. completion of parole

6. completiojng of jail or prison sentence

-step 1 of the system

-seizure of property

-fingerprinting

-health screening?

-step 2 of system

-meeting in front of judge

-charges are read

-attorney may be appointed

determine whether there is enoug evidence to move to trial

-often this is waved

1. with an appointed jury

2. group hears evidence to determine if there is enough probable cause

3. if there is enough evidence, an indictment is issued

1. offender pleds guilt or innocense

2. attorney appointed

1. occurs at any time before trial and after charges have been filed

2. suspect must admit guilt and agree to conditions that range from work and restitution programs to community service

1. agreement between defendant, represented by an attorney, and the prosecutor to plead guilty to a reduced sentence

1. where judges decide procedural issues related to the trial (evidence or change of venue ext)

-may be bench trials.. held in front of a judge, no jury involved

-jury by trial- voir dire takes place before jury is seated

-ensures jury will be unbiased

1. a seperate proceeding

2. judge will issue the sentence

-juries do sometimes

3. may be time in between trial and sentencing

-basic sentencing decision of felony cases

-some states have strictly limited which crimes receive probation

-after prison sentence, which [robation instead of a prison sentence

- # of crimes/ population * 100,000 = rate

-crimes under the uniform crime reporting system

-include murder, non-negligent manslaughter, focible rape, robbery... ext

-uniform crime reports

-national victimization survey

-self report studies

-colhort studies

1. collection of local crime reports and arrest data, began in 1929 by fbi

2. numbers come from either law enforcement or from state agencies that collect data from local agencies and delivers it in centralizied format.

-UCR: reports clearance rates.. crimes cleared by arrested

1. began by the us census

-gathers detailed info of victim

-DOESNT include homicide arson, commercial crimes, or crimes to people under 12.

-DOES include rates based on 1000 (UCR based on 100,000)

-doesnt collect all reports on all victimizations

1. asking the offender

-incarncinated persons or juveniles.. ask the crimes they committed

-finds correlation between groups and crime

-increases prison sentences of persons convicted of felonies who have been previously convicted of a crime or felony, and limits ability of these offenders to receieves a punishment other than prison.

-violent and serious felonies are specifically listed in state laws

-cesare beccaria

-rational choice: criminals act upon their own free will/choose to be a criminal

-cesare lombrosso

-born criminal-genetic defeat in peoples minds make them commit crimes.

-grandfather of criminology

1. durkheim

2. individual lives in a mixed zone of a city where crime occurs

-individual is blocked from achieving certain goals, causing them to commit crime.

-communities that lack cogesion and exhibit signs of disorganization are most likely to experience criminal activity

-individual is labeled as deviant and lives up to the label

-sheriff responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing the kings peace

-1748, considered first organized police organization!

-robert peel convinced parliament to pass metropolitan police act

-the first police force as we know today

-1844

-one of the first police commissioners

-hired on skills and aptitude

-rules and enforcement

-fingerpainting

-created a bike squad

-pistol practice

-states that crime occurs when there are signs of neighborhood distegration and disorientation indicting criminals that no one cares and no one will invertene.. therefore they will not get in trouble.

-why they do it

-any exploitation of ones role

-accepting bribes, kickbacks, ext.

-items of value recieved by an individual because of his position, not personal relationship.

-free coffee, half priced meals, discounts..

-crime continues to be at low levels even after saturated patrol has ended

-crime merely moves to another place

ftos assigned to help new academy graduates apply what they learn in the academy in real life

-having officers engage in proactive crime prevention

-more visible police operations

-encoursing officers to see citizens as partners

-comes from work of hobbes and lock

-explains why people obey law

-our legal system comes from this

-regards both civil and criminal disputes

-where things such as city ordinances and code violations are heard.. not misdemeanors or felonies (state courts)

-laws by state

-after revolution, states began to write their own

-the public favors social programs over more police and prisons.. but also believes courts dont deal harsh enough.

dictates that punishment should be no more than necessary to deter

jeremey bentham

gottfredson and hirschis theory thatcrime results from low self control

when cultures clash, crime will occur.

moving to a new place, for example.

-wilson: kegalistic, service, and watchman models

-muir: enforcers, professionals, reciprocators, avoiders

-brown: old style crime fighters, clean beat officers, service style officers, professional style officers