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115 known elements
92 are naturally occuring |
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| Periodic Table- vertical columns are called __________? Horizontal are called ________? |
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Vertical are groups or families
Horizontal are called periods or series |
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| What are Group A elements? |
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| Main group or representative elements. |
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Alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
chalcogens
halogens
noble or inert gases |
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Elements can be classified as:
_________, ____________, __________ |
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| metals, non metals and metalloids |
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| The transition metals are the metallic elements that serve as a bridge, or transition, between the two sides of the table |
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| Lanthanide and actinide series |
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| Sometimes known as the inner transition metals because they have atomic numbers that fall between the first and second elements in the last two rows of the transition metals. |
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| What do transitional metals have in common? |
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* they form colored compounds
* they are good conductors of heat and electricity
* they can be hammered or bent into shape easily
* they are less reactive than alkali metals such as sodium
* they have high melting points - but mercury is a liquid at room temperature
* they are usually hard and tough
* they have high densities |
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Valence electron shells are full
Located Group VIII
* Fairly nonreactive
* Complete valence shell
* High ionization energies
* Very low electronegativities
* Low boiling points (all gases at room temperature) |
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| The study of everything, especially of atomic and molecular systems |
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| anything that has mass and occupies space |
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| the amount of matter and object possesses |
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| Inherent physical characteristics of a substance that can be determined w/o altering its composition: color, tast, odor, state of matter, density, melting point, boiling point |
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| The ability of a substance to form new substances either by reaction with other substances or by decomposition |
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| a change in form (size, shape, or physical state) w/o a change in composition |
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| a change producing products that differ in composition from the original substances |
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| basic building block of matter that can't be broken down into simpler substances |
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| a distinct substance composed of 2 or more elements combined in a definite proportion by mass |
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| the smallest uncharged individual unit of a compound formed by the union of 2 or more atoms |
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Matter containing 2 or more substances
Can be homogeneous(sugar water) or heterogeneous (sand and water) |
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Matter without a uniform composition - having 2 or more components or phases
(sand and water) |
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Matter with uniform properties
(sugar water) |
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a compound composed of ions
(eg Na+Cl-) |
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| A shorthand method for showing the composition of a compound using symbols of the element |
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| a chemical formula that gives the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound...that is, the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound. aka the simplest formula |
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| A system in which one or more substances are homogeneously mixed or dissolved in another substance |
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| the dissolving agent or the most abundant component in a solution |
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| The substance that is dissolved - or the leat abundant component in a solution |
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| Stored energy or the energy of an object due to its relative position |
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| Energy in motion; the energy that matter possesses due to its motion KE=1/2mv (v is squared) |
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| chemical/electrical/heat/light/nuclear energies |
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| A form of energy associated with the motion of small particles of matter |
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| A measure of the intensity of heat or of how hot or cold a system is;the SI unit is the kelvin (K) |
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| heat is released as a product |
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| A state of matter having a definite shape and a definite volume, whose particles cohere rigidly to one another so that a solid can be independent of its container |
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| A state of matter in which the particles move about freely while the substance retains a definite volume; thus liquids flow and take the shape of their containers. |
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| A state of matter that has no shape or definite volume so that the substance completely fills its container |
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| interparticle attractions |
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| The central part of an atom that contains all its protons and neutrons. The nucleus is very dense and has a positive electrical charge |
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| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a given element (Z) |
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| the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a given isotope of an atom (A) |
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Hydrogen H
Deutrium HD
Tritium HT |
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| A substance existing in 2 or more molecular or crystalline forms (eg graphite and diamonds are 2 allotropic forms of carbon) |
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| A substance whose aqueous solution conducts electricity |
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| A substance whose aqueous solution does not conduct electricity |
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| The chemical bond between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion |
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| A chemical bond formed between two atoms by sharing a pair of electrons |
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| The formation of ions, which occurs as the result of a chemical reation of certain substances with water |
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| A positively or negatively charged atoms or group of atoms |
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A = mass
E=
Z= atomic number |
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| An element having properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals (eg silicon). These elements are useful in electronics |
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