Term
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Definition
| Involves the mechanisms and conditions that affect intracranial processing and function |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of sending signals from nerve to nerve across a synapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical that transmits signals from a neuron to a target cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintenance of balance to promote an environment conducive to optima brain function. |
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Term
| Increased intracranial pressure |
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Definition
| Pathologic condition or trauma causes pressure within the cranial vault to increase |
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Term
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Definition
| Adjusts regional cerebral blood flow by changing the diameter of cerebral blood vessels. Allows the cerebral circulation to deliver a constant supply of blood despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure. |
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Term
| Who is at greatest risk for intracranial regulations problems? |
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Definition
| Elderly, children, adolescents, and young adults |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Confusion, restlessness, headache, vomiting, purposeless movement, pupillary changes |
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Term
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Definition
Abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain.
Spontaneous electrical discharge by group of yper-excitable cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| When seizures occur in a chronic, recurrent pattern, caused by a chronic underlying condition. Also defined as two or more unprovoked seizures that arise from abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. |
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Term
| Newborn causes of seizures |
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Definition
| Severe birth injury, congenital defecgts involving the central nervous system, infection, inborn errors of metabolism |
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Term
| Childhood causes of seizures |
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Definition
| Birth injury, CNS infection, trauma, genetic factors |
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Term
| Causes of seizures for adults |
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Definition
| Trauma, brain tumor, vascular disease |
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Term
| Causes of seizures for elderly |
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Definition
| Cerebrovascular lesions, brain tumors |
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Term
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Definition
-Begin in a specific region of the cerebral cortex
-Area of involvement determines what the seizure is like
-May be confined to one side of the brain and remain partial or focal
-May spread to the entire brain ending in a generalized tonic-clonic seizure |
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Term
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Definition
-No loss of consciousness
-Rarely last longer than one minute
-Simple motor or sensory phenomena
-Also called focal motor seizures, focal sensory seizures or jacksonian seizures |
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Term
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Definition
-Complex symptoms
-Variety of emotional, behavioral, affective, and cognitve functions involved
-Usually last longer than one minute
-Followed by a period of postictal confusion |
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Term
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Definition
-Bilateral and symmetric epileptic discharges in the brain
-Entire brain is affected at the start of the seizure
-No warning or aura
-Person loses consciousness for a few seconds to several minutes |
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Term
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Definition
-Also called tonic-clonic seizures
-Loss of consciousness, falling to the ground
-Tonic phase: muscle stiffening that alsts 10-20 secs.
-Clonic phase: lasts 30-40 secs, rapid jerking |
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Term
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Definition
-Person loses consciousness
-May see: excessive salvation, cyanosis, tongue or cheek biting, person will will be incontinent
-Postictal phase |
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Term
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Definition
-Person is very tired
-Sore muscles
-May sleep for several hours
-No memory of the seizure
-Person may not feel well for several days after the seizure
-Embarrassment following the seizure |
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Term
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Definition
-Also called petit mal seizures
-Brief loss of consciousness, less than 15 seconds
-Signs of this type of seizure are subtle
-Generally occur only in children, rarely continuing beyond adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
-May clear as the child matures or may evolve into another type of seizure
-If untreated may occur up to 100 times per day
-Can be precipitated by hyperventilation and/or flashing lights |
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Term
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Definition
-Type of generalized seizure
-Staring spell accompanied by: brief warning, peculiar behavior buring the seizure, confusion after the seizure |
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Term
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Definition
-Type of generalized seizure
-Sudden, excessive jerking of the body or an extremity
-Jerk may be forceful enough to knock the person to the ground
-Brief duration
-Occur in clusters
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Usually affect children between 6 months and 3 years of age
-Increased frequency in children younger than 18 months
-Usually not serious
-Treat with acetaminophen to lower fever
-One of the most common neurological disorders of childhood |
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Term
| Antiepileptic Drug Therapy |
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Definition
-Therapy is aimed at preventing seizures
-Many seizure disorders cannot be cured
-May need to take drugs to control seizures for life
-Usually taken orally
-Metabolized in the liver, excreted by the kidneys
-Trend toward monotherapy (being with a single drug and increase the dose until seizures are controlled or toxic side effects occur) |
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Term
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Definition
| Begin with a single drug and increase the dose until seizures are controlled or toxic side effects occur |
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Term
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Definition
-Potentially fatal, requires emergency care
-Grand mal seizures
-Last 10 minutes or see repeated seizures over 30 minutes
-Person is unconscious
-Most common cause: abruptly stopping medications
-Most serious complication of seizure disorders |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Darkening of peri-orbital area |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal non-depressed, reasonably positive mood |
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Term
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Definition
| A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction with life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexion of arm, wrist, and fingers with adduction or upper extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower extremities are extended, internally rotated and plantar flexed. |
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