Term
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Definition
| group of related organisms who share certain characteristics |
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Term
| What is a phylogentic tree? |
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Definition
| A family tree that shows the evolutionary history of an organism. |
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Term
| What are the three domains of life? |
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Definition
| Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archea |
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Term
| What are the four eukaryotic kingdoms? |
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Definition
| plantae, fungi, animilia, and protista |
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Term
| What are some examples of abiotic factors that influence the kinds of living things found in an area? |
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Definition
| sunlight, salinity, and temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Links in a food chain. Trophic means energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| autotrophs like grass, algea, or plankton |
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Term
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Definition
| herbovoirs like rabbits that eat the grass, mosquitos, or zooplankton |
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Term
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Definition
| They eat herbivoirs like a rat, dragonfly, or fish |
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Term
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Definition
| Snake, fish, or seal that eats a secondary consumer |
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Term
| Since phosphorus cycles between living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem, does it include an atmospheric component? |
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Definition
| No. Phosphorus can be scarce, especially in fresh water ecosystems. |
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Term
| What factors influence the type of biome found throughout the world? |
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Definition
| climate, latitude, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and availibilty of water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| who devised biological species concept |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the biological species concept? |
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Definition
| a species is reproductively isolated from other species because it can only interbreed within its species |
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Term
| Why are bacteria and archea in different domains |
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Definition
| archea has larger, more complex cells and is more similar to eukarya |
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Term
| How much of our DNA codes for proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are restrictive enzymes used in genetic engineering? |
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Definition
| they cut DNA so you can insert genes into bacteria. We use them to insert the genes for insulin. |
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Term
| Why is cDNA made, and what is it making for us? |
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Definition
| Eukariotic mRNA molecules need to be spliced before they can be sent out to the ribosome, that's what cDNA does. We need bacteria to make eukaryotic proteins like insulin. |
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Term
| what is therapeutic cloning? |
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Definition
| stem cells are used to grow specific cell types such as pancreatic cells. these healthy cells are injected into a person with diabetes. the healthy cells allow the indiviual to make insulin. |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene is inserted into a cell in order to coax the cell to produce a specific protein. they are also called gene transfer therapy. gene therapy uses viruses (vectors) to carry the gene. |
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Term
| what are the two major steps in protein synthesis? |
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Definition
| transcription and translation. transcription is where mrna molecules are synthesized from genes w/in the dna. in translation, the mrna is used to direct the production of polypeptides the components of proteins. |
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Term
| what happens in translation? |
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Definition
| the mrna attaches to a ribosome. trna molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome and they attach to the mrna. the amino acids are more attracted to each other than the trna so they from a chain of amino acids and voila! a protein. |
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Term
| what happens in transcription? |
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Definition
| mrna molecules synthesized within DNA. they make a copy of themselves. |
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Term
| where does translation occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the genetic code tell us? |
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Definition
| what amino acids are coded for by each codon |
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Term
| what is the function of trna? |
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Definition
| it brings the amino acid to the ribosome used in making proteins. |
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Term
| how does a protein form at the ribosome? |
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Definition
| once mrna has been modified it binds to a specific site on a ribosome. during translation a small ribosome subunit attaches to a mrna molecule. at the same time initiator trna molecules recognizes and binds to a specific codon sequence. a large ribosome subunit then joins the newly formed complex. |
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Term
| what are the steps in dna synthesis? |
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Definition
| 1. helicases break the hydrogen bond down the middle of the dna into two strands. 2. new nucleotides join with the old. dna polymerase moves along the dna, attaching new complementary nucleotides. 3. enzymes proofread and correct the order of nucleotides. 4. replication proceeds along both sides in replication bubbles. 5. the replication bubbles join. |
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Term
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Definition
| unzips the dna into two halves it is the first step in dna replication |
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Term
| what does dna polymerase do? |
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Definition
| moves along the dna attaching new complementary nucleotides |
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Term
| what happens in a point mutation? |
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Definition
| they change the letter in the amino acid, changing the shape of the protein. sickle cell is an example. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| different copies of genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
| copies of the same copies of genetic information |
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Term
| what is the difference between a mono and dihybrid cross? |
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Definition
| monohybrid involves a single trait, like flower color, and a dihybrid involves more than one trait like flower color and pea color. |
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Term
| when you do a dihybrid cross with parents that are heterozygous for two traits, what will the phenotypic ratio for the offspring always be? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is incomplete dominance? |
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Definition
| no complete dominance of one gene over another, both alleles are expressed. |
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Term
| what happens in nonjustinction? what is a possible result in non justinction in humans? |
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Definition
| an abnormal number in the chromosomes in the gametes. miscarriages if the person has 47 chromosomes. |
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Term
- Name two molecules that move through the membrane in facilitated diffusion
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Definition
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Term
| What makes facilitated diffusion different than simple diffusion? |
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Definition
| Facilitated diffusion have carrier proteins that facilitates the movement of the molecule from high to low concentrations. |
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Term
| what kinds of materials can move across a plasma membrane by diffusion? |
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Definition
| Only small, nonpolar molecules. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are examples |
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