Term
| 8 Practice Dimensions (KSAs) |
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Definition
1. Clinical evaluation (screening and assessment)
2. Treatment planning
3. Referral
4. Service coordination
5. Counseling
6. Client, family and community education
7. Documentation
8. Professional and ethical responsibilities |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Screening
2. Intake
3. Orientation
4. Assessment
5. Treatment planning
6. Counseling
7. Case management
8. Crisis intervention
9. Client education
10. Referral
11. Reports and record keeping
12. Consultation |
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Term
| Definition of Service Coordination |
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Definition
| The administrative, clinical, and evaluative activities that bring the client, treatment services, community agencies, and other re sources together to focus on issues and needs identified in the treatment plan. |
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Term
| Definition of Case Management |
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Definition
| Activities intended to bring services, agencies, resources, or people together within a planned framework of action toward the achievement of established goals. It may involve liaison activities and collateral contacts. |
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Term
| The Four Transdisciplinary Foundations |
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Definition
| 1. Understanding addiction 2. Treatment knowledge 3. Application to practice 4. Professional readiness |
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Term
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Definition
| Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain dis ease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. |
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Term
| What are the 13 Theories of Addiction? |
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Definition
| 1. Moral 2. Temperance 3. Spiritual 4. Dispositional Disease 5. Educational 6. Characterological 7. Conditioning 8. Social Learning 9. Cognitive 10.Sociocultural 11.General Systems 12.Biological 13.Public Health |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Moral Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Personal responsibility, self-control
Interventions - Moral suasion, social and legal sanctions |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Temperance Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Alcohol, drugs
Interventions - "Just say no,” supply reduction |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Spiritual Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Spiritual deficit
Interventions - Spiritual growth, prayer, AA/NA |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Dispositional Disease Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Irreversible constitutional abnormality of individual
Interventions - Self-identification as alcoholic/addict, lifelong abstinence |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Educational Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Lack of knowledge and motivation
Interventions - Education |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Characterological Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Personality traits, defense mechanisms
Interventions - Psychotherapy |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Conditioning Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Classical and operant conditioning
Interventions - Counterconditioning, extinction, altered contingencies |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Social Learning Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Modeling, skills deficits
Interventions - Skills training, appropriate behavioral models |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Cognitive Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Expectancies, beliefs
Interventions - Cognitive-behavioral therapy, rational restructuring |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Sociocultural Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Environmental, cultural norms
Interventions - Social policy, price and distribution, controls |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the General Systems Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Boundaries and rules, family dysfunction
Interventions - Family therapy, transactional analysis |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Biological Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Heredity, brain physiology
Interventions - Risk identification, genetic counseling, medication-assisted therapies |
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Term
| What are the causal factors and interventions of the Public Health Theory of Addiction? |
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Definition
Causal - Agent, host, environment
Interventions - Interdisciplinary, multiple levels of
simultaneous intervention |
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Term
| Name 14 medical consequences of drug abuse. |
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Definition
1. HIV, Hepatitis, and Other Infectious Diseases
2. Cardiovascular Effects
3. Respiratory Effects
4. Gastrointestinal Effects
5. Musculoskeletal Effects
6. Kidney Damage
7. Liver Damage
8. Neurological Effects
9. Mental Health Effects
10.Hormonal Effects
11.Cancer
12.Prenatal Effects
13.Other health Effects
14.Mortality |
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Term
| What is Co-Morbidity and what are its causes? |
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Definition
When two disorders or illnesses occur simultaneously in the same person, they are called comorbid.
1. Drug abuse can cause a mental illness.
2. Mental illness can lead to drug abuse.
3. Drug abuse and mental disorders are both caused by other common risk factors. |
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Term
Why do drug abuse and mental disorders
commonly co-occur? |
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Definition
1. Overlapping genetic vulnerabilities
2. Overlapping environmental triggers
3. Involvement of similar brain regions
4. Drug abuse and mental illness are developmental disorders |
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Term
| What are overlapping genetic vulnerabilities? |
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Definition
| Common genetic factors may predispose individuals to both mental disorders and addiction or to having a greater risk of the second disorder once the first appears. |
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Term
| What are overlapping environmental triggers? |
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Definition
| Stress, trauma (e.g., physical or sexual abuse), and early exposure to drugs are common factors that can lead to addiction and to mental illness. |
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Term
| What does "involvement of similar brain regions" mean? |
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Definition
| Some areas of the brain are affected by both drug abuse and mental disorders. |
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Term
| In what way is drug abuse and mental illness are developmental disorders? |
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Definition
| They often begin in adolescents or even childhood, periods when the brain is undergoing dramatic developmental changes. |
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Term
| How common are comorbid drug abuse and mental disorders? . |
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Definition
Compared with the general population:
1. Patients with mood or anxiety disorders are about twice as likely to also suffer from a drug disorder.
2. Patients with drug disorders are roughly twice as likely to be diagnosed with mood or anxiety disorders.
3. The rates of specific comorbidities vary by gender. Among men and women in drug treatment, antisocial personality disorder is more common in men, while women have higher rates of major depression, post traumatic stress disorder, and other anxiety disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand a variety of models and theories of addiction and other problems related to substance use. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Recognize the social, political, economic, and cultural context within which addiction and substance abuse exist, including risk and resiliency factors that characterize individuals and groups and their living environments. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive substances on the person using, and significant others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognize the potential for substance use disorders to mimic a variety of medical and mental health conditions, and the potential for medical and mental health conditions to coexist with addiction and sub stance abuse. |
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Term
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Definition
Describe the philosophies, practices, policies, and outcomes of the most generally accepted and scientifically supported models of treatment, recovery, relapse prevention, and continuing care for addiction and
other substance-related problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognize the importance of family, social networks, and community systems in the treatment and recovery process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand the importance of research and outcome data and their application in clinical practice. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand the value of an interdisciplinary approach to addiction treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand the established diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders, and describe treatment modalities and placement criteria within the continuum of care. |
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Term
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Definition
Describe a variety of helping strategies for reducing
the negative effects of substance use, abuse, and dependence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tailor helping strategies and treatment modalities to the client's stage of dependence, change, or recovery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide treatment services appropriate to the personal and cultural identity and language of the client. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adapt practice to the range of treatment settings and modalities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Be familiar with medical and pharmacological resources in the treatment of substance use disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand the variety of insurance and health maintenance options available and the importance of helping clients access those benefits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognize that crisis may indicate an underlying sub stance use disorder and may be a window of opportunity for change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand the need for and use of methods for measuring treatment outcome. |
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Term
| What pharmacotherapies are used for opioid addiction? |
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Definition
Methadone - long-acting synthetic opioid; blocks withdrawal, effects of illicit use and decrease craving; combined with CBT
Buprenorphrine - partial agonist (both agonist and antagonist properties); reduces or eliminates withdrawal without euphoria or sedation
Naltrexone - long-acting synthetic antagonist (blocks opioids from binding with receptors thereby feeling no effects of associated with opioids); few side effects |
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Term
| What pharmacotherapies are used for nicotine addiction? |
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Definition
Nicotine Replacement Therapy - patch, spray, gum, lozenges
Bupropion (Zyban) - blocks reuptake of catecholamines (norepinephrine and dopamine)
Varencline (Chantix) - acts as a partial angonist/antagonist at their receptors; mildly stimulates nicotine receptors but not enough to release dopamine
Behavioral Therapy - Combined with above therapies |
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Term
| What pharmacotherapies are used for alcohol addiction? |
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Definition
Naltrexone - blocks opioid receptors involved in rewarding effects of alcohol and craving for; reduces relapse to heavy drinking
Acamprosate (Campril) - reduces symptoms of protracted withdrawal; more effective with those with severe dependence
Disulfiram (Antebuse) - interferes with degradation of alcohol; nausea
Topiramate - increases inhibitory neurotransmitters and reduces stimulatory neurotransmitters
Behavioral Treatment - effective alone but no evidence of an additive effect of BT and pharmacological treatment |
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Term
| Name 11 behavioral therapies have been shown to be effective? |
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Definition
1. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine)
2. Community Reinforcement Approach Plus Vouchers (alcohol, cocaine)
3. Contingency Management Interventions/ Motivational Incentives (alcohol, stimulants, opioids, marijuana, nicotine)
4. Motivational Enhancement Therapy
(alcohol, marijuana, nicotine)
5. The Matrix Model (stimulants)
6. 12-Step Facilitation Therapy (alcohol, stimulants, opiates
7. Behavioral Co9uples Therapy
8. Behavioral Treatment for Adolescents
9. Multisystemic Therapy
10.Multidimensional Family Therapy for Adolescents
11.Brief Strategic Family Therapy |
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Term
| What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? |
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Definition
| Cognitive-behavioral strategies are based on the theory that learning processes play a critical role in the development of maladaptive behavioral patterns. Individuals learn to identify and correct problematic behaviors by applying a range of different skills that can be used to stop drug abuse and to address a range of other problems that often co-occur with it. |
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Term
| What is Community Reinforcement Approach Plus Vouchers? |
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Definition
Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) Plus Vouchers is an intensive 24-week outpatient therapy for treatment of cocaine and alcohol addiction. The treatment goals are twofold:
1. To maintain abstinence long enough for patients to learn new life skills to help sustain it
2. To reduce alcohol consumption for patients whose drinking is associated with cocaine use |
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Term
| What is Motivational Enhancement Therapy? |
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Definition
| Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) is a patient-centered counseling approach for initiating behavior change by helping individuals resolve ambivalence about engaging in treatment and stopping drug use. |
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Term
| What is The Matrix Model therapy? |
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Definition
| The Matrix Model provides a framework for engaging stimulant (e.g., methamphetamine and cocaine) abusers in treatment and helping them achieve abstinence. Patients learn about issues critical to addiction and relapse, receive direction and support from a trained therapist, become familiar with self-help programs, and are monitored for drug use through urine testing. |
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Term
| What is 12-Step Facilitation Therapy? |
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Definition
Twelve-step facilitation therapy is an active engagement strategy designed to increase the likelihood of a substance abuser becoming affiliated with and actively involved in 12-step self-help groups and, thus, promote abstinence.
Three key aspects predominate:
1. acceptance
2. surrender
3. active involvement |
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Term
| What is Behavioral Couples Therapy? |
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Definition
| Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT) is a therapy for drug abusers with partners. BCT uses a sobriety/abstinence contract and behavioral principles to reinforce abstinence from drugs and alcohol |
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Term
| What is Multisystemic Therapy? |
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Definition
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) addresses the factors associated with serious antisocial behavior in children and adolescents who abuse alcohol and other drugs. |
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Term
| What is Multidimensional Family Therapy for Adolescents? |
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Definition
| Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT) for adolescents is an outpatient family-based alcohol and other drug abuse treatment for teenagers. MDFT views adolescent drug use in terms of a network of influences (individual, family, peer, community) and suggests that reducing unwanted behavior and increasing desirable behavior occur in multiple ways in different settings. |
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Term
| What is Brief Strategic Family Therapy? |
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Definition
Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT) targets family
interactions that are thought to maintain or exacerbate adolescent drug abuse and other co-occurring problem behaviors. |
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Term
| What are the 7 goals of implementing Evidence-based Practices? |
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Definition
1. Improve client outcomes
2. Increase access to effective treatment
3. Engage staff
4. Improve operating margins
5. Save time
6. Transform organizations from reactive to responsive
7. Provide justification for funding |
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Term
| Define Evidence-based Practices |
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Definition
| EBP is defined as an activity based on the best available research in the context of patient characteristics, culture and preferences. |
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Term
| 13 Principles of Effective Treatment |
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Definition
1. Complex, treatable disease that affects brain function and behavior
2. No single txt appropriate for everyone
3. Txt needs to be readily available
4. Effective txt attends to multiple needs of individual, not only drug abuse
5. Remaining in txt for adequate time is critical
6. Counseling-individual and/or group-and other behavioral therapies are the most common txt's
7. Meds are important element of txt
for many patients, esp combined with counseling and other behavioral therapies
8. An individual's txt and services plan must be assessed continually and modified as necessary to ensure it meets changing needs
9. Many drug-addicted persons have other mental disorders
10.Medically assisted detox is only first stage of txt and by itself does little to change long-term drug abuse
11.Txt does not need to be voluntary to be effective
12.Drug use during txt must be monitored continuously, as lapses during treatment do occur
13.Txt programs assess for std's and other infectious diseases as well as provide counseling to modify high risk behavior |
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Term
| What is the definition of substance abuse? |
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Definition
| A maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance dependence is more serious than abuse. This maladaptive pattern of substance use includes such features as increased tolerance for the substance, resulting in the need for ever-greater amounts of the substance to achieve the intended effect; an obsession with securing the substance and with its use; or persistence using the substance in the face of serious physical or mental health problems. |
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Term
| How has the term substance abuse come to be referred as? |
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Definition
The term substance abuse has come to be used informally to refer to both abuse and dependence.
Substance abuse treatment professionals commonly use the term "substance abuse" to describe any excessive use of addictive substances, whether the substance is alcohol or another drug. By and large the terms "substance dependence" and "addiction" have come to mean the same thing, though there is debate about the interchangeable use of these terms. |
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Term
| What are the stages of change? |
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Definition
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance |
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Term
| What is cultural competency (culturally appropriate treatment)? |
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Definition
1. Cultural sensitivity is being "open to working with issues of culture and diversity" Viewed as a point on the continuum, however, a culturally sensitive individual has limited cultural knowledge and may still think in terms of stereotypes.
2. Cultural competence, when viewed as the next stage on this continuum, includes an ability to "examine and understand nuances" and exercise "full cultural empathy"; enables the counselor to "understand the client from the client's own cultural perspective"
3. Cultural proficiency is the highest level of cultural capacity; understands nuances of culture in greater depth and works to advance field |
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Term
| What are the 4 Quadrants of Care? |
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Definition
1. Low severity substance use an mental disorders
2. High severity in mental disorders, low substance use
3. Severe substance use disorder, low or moderate mental disorders
4. Two subgroups:
a. SPMI (serious and persistent mental disorders) and severe and unstable SUD
b. severe and unstable SUD and behavioral health issues (violence, suicidality) but not meet criteria for SPMI |
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Term
| What is the Federal Parity Law? |
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Definition
| Requires group health insurance plans that offer coverage for mental illness and SUD to provide those benefits in a way that is no more restrictive than all other medical or surgical procedures covered by the plan. |
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Term
| What is the Affordable Care Act? |
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Definition
| Makes health insurance more affordable for individual, family and owners of small businesses. |
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Term
| What is the benefit of using Brief Intervention and Therapy techniques? |
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Definition
| Tthese short, problem-specific approaches can be valuable in the treatment of substance abuse problems. They provide the opportunity for clinicians to increase positive outcomes by using these modalities independently as stand-alone interventions or treatments and as additions to other forms of substance abuse and mental health treatment. They can be used in a variety of settings including opportunistic settings (e.g., primary care, home health care) and specialized substance abuse treatment settings (inpatient and outpatient). |
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Term
| What knowledge, skills and abilities are necessary in using Brief Interventions? |
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Definition
1. Overall attitude of understanding and acceptance
2. Counseling skills such as active listening and helping clients explore and resolve ambivalence
3. A focus on intermediate goals
4. Working knowledge of the stages-of-change model |
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Term
| What are the steps in Active Listening? |
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Definition
1. Listen to what the client says.
2. Form a reflective statement
3. Test the accuracy of your reflective statement. Watch, listen, and/or ask the client to verify the accuracy of the content, feeling, and/or meaning of the statement |
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Term
| What are Evidence-based Practices? |
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Definition
| Evidence-based practices are interventions and treatment approaches that have been proven effective through a rigorous scientific process. |
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Term
| What are the 13 basic principles of effective treatment? |
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Definition
1. Treatment needs to be readily available, on demand.
2. Treatment needs to focus on the multiple needs of the person, not only drug use.
3. Treatment needs to be continually monitored and modified to meet changing needs.
4. Length of time in treatment is crucial.
5. Individual and group counseling approaches are both effective.
6. Medications, when combined with counseling,increase the chance of success.
7. Detoxification is only the first step and is not effective by itself.
8. Treatment does not have to be voluntary to work.
9. No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals.
10. Addicted or drug-abusing individuals with co existing mental disorders should have both disorders treated.
11. Treatment programs should provide assessment for infectious disease.
12. Possible drug use during treatment must be continuously monitored.
13. Recovery from drug abuse can be a long-term process with multiple episodes of treatment necessary. |
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Term
| How long should treatment be to achieve the best results? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the various treatment modalities? |
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Definition
Outpatient
Intensive Outpatient
Residential (short and long-term)
Medication assisted |
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Term
|
Definition
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Motivational Enhancement Therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand diverse cultures and incorporate the relevant needs of culturally diverse groups as well as people with disabilities into clinical practice. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand the importance of self-awareness in one's personal, professional, and cultural life. |
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Term
|
Definition
Understand the addiction professional's obligations to
adhere to ethical and behavioral standards of conduct in the helping relationship. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Understand the importance of ongoing supervision and continuing education in the delivery of client services. |
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Term
|
Definition
Understand the obligation of the addiction profession
al to participate in prevention and treatment activities. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Understand and apply setting-specific policies and procedures for handling crisis or dangerous situations, including safety measures for clients and staff. |
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Term
| What is cultural competence? |
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Definition
| Cultural competence refers to a set of academic and interpersonal skills that allow individuals to increase their understanding and appreciation of cultural differences and similarities within, among, and between groups. This requires a willingness and ability to draw on community-based values, traditions, and customs and to work with knowledgeable persons of and from the community in developing targeted interventions, communications, and other supports. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stress is an elevation in a person's state of arousal or readiness, caused by some stimulus or demand. |
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Term
| 17 Ethical Standards for Addiction Counselors |
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Definition
1. Autonomy
2. Obedience
3. Conscience Refusal
4. Beneficence
5. Gratitude
6. Competence
7. Justice
8. Stewardship
10.Fidelity
11.Loyalty
12.Diligence
13.Discretion
14.Self-Improvement
15.Nonmalfeasance
16.Restitution
17.Self-Interest
9. Honesty and Condor |
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