Term
| minimally invasive radiologic procedures that use angiographic techniques to diagnose disease |
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Definition
| interventional radiography |
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Term
| radiologic examination of vascular structures within body after introduction of iodinated contrast medium or gas |
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Definition
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Term
| angiographic procedures are catagorized as either: |
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Definition
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Term
| interventional radiologic procedures must include ___ integral processes |
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Definition
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Term
| the interventional component where a specialized radiologist uses ___, __, and __ to produce an improvement in the patient's condition |
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Definition
| needles, catheters, special medical devices |
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Term
| the second process involves the use of ___ and __ to guide and document the progress of steps from first process |
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Definition
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Term
| primarily used to identify the __ or __ of the blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| vascular exams evalute the suspected tumors by ___ the organ of concern |
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Definition
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Term
| needed to visualize the vessels of interest by introducing a catheter into patient's vasculature and injecting contrast media |
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Definition
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Term
| basic principles of interventional radiology |
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Definition
-vessel access
-guidewires
-catheters
-contrast media
-patient prep and monitoring
-contraindications and risks |
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Term
| commonly used method for catheterization is ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Seldinger technique was developed in ___, where a ___ gague hollow needle containing a ___ is used percutaneously to gain vessel access |
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Definition
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Term
| three vessels typically considered for catheterization |
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Definition
| femoral, brachial, and axillary |
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Term
| the ___ is the preferred site for arterial access in angiography |
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Definition
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Term
| used to allow the safe introduction of the catheter into the vessel |
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Definition
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Term
| the guidewire is coated with a ____ material so catheter slides over the wire more easily |
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Definition
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Term
| similar to guidewires, different sizes and shapes to fit the vessel of interest |
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Definition
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Term
| catheter diameter is categorized in ___ sizes |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 Fr equals ___ in diameter |
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Definition
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Term
| once the catheter is introduced into the vessel, the ___ is removed and the catheter is flushed with ____ to prevent clotting |
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Definition
guidewire
heparinized saline |
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Term
| usually a water soluable, nonionic iodinated, and radiopaque compound that is injected trhough catheter to visualize vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| contrast medium should be injected by ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| major advantage of injecting contrast via autoinjectors |
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Definition
| a specific quantity can be injected during a predetermined period of time |
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Term
| contrast material must be injected with sufficient pressure to ______ and to maintain a ___ to minimize dilution with blood |
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Definition
overcome patient's systemic arterial pressure
bolus |
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Term
| once patient is considered good candidate for angiographic procedure, orders are written for ___ and ___ |
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Definition
IV hydration
diet of clear liquids |
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Term
| contra-indications for patients being considered for angiography |
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Definition
-contrast media allergies
-impaired renal function
-blood clotting disorders
-taking anti-coagulant meds
-unstable cardiopulm/ neurologic status |
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Term
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Definition
bleeding at puncture site (most common)
thrombus formation
embolus formation
dissection of a vessel
infection of a puncture site
contrast reaction
penetrating injury from catheter/guidewire |
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Term
| common angiographic procedures |
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Definition
cerebral angiography
thoracic angiography
angiocardiography
abdominal angiography
peripheral angiography
lymphography |
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Term
| purpose is to provide a road map that enables the localization and diagnosis of pathology or other anomalies of brain/neck region |
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Definition
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Term
| most common studies of cerebral angiography |
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Definition
-common carotid
-internal carotid |
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Term
| demonstrates the countour and integrity of the thoracic vasculature |
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Definition
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Term
| thoracic angiography studies the: |
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Definition
ascending aorta
arch
descending aorta
major branches |
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Term
oblique visualization of the aortic arch
usually performed with patient in a 45 degree LAO |
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Definition
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Term
demonstrates the arterial phase of a pulmonary angriogram
usually done to investigate pulmonary embolus |
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Definition
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Term
| typically performed with angiocardiography to visualize coronary arteries |
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Definition
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Term
performed to identify the anatomic and physiologic condition of the heart
involves introduction of specialized catheters into heart and surrounding ares for evaluation and intervention |
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Definition
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Term
| demonstrates the contour and integrity of abdominal vasculature |
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Definition
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Term
| injection by a catheter into an artery of an extremity |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ are now rarely performed due to increased use of color duplex ultrasound to better demonstrate pathology |
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Definition
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Term
| __ limb procedures are the most common, but ___ limb procedures are still done |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ has commonly replaced lymphography in assessment of nodes |
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Definition
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Term
| uses an angriographic approach to create an embolus in a vessel, thus restricting blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
| angiographic tables are typically an ___-type, __ attenuation table that provides access to the patient from all sides |
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Definition
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Term
| uses a combination of interventional stents and surgical grafts to treat aortic aneurysms and traumatic vascular injuries |
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Definition
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Term
| uses an angiographic technique to place a filter in the inverior vena cava to treat pulmonary emboli |
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Definition
| inferior vena cava filter |
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Term
| procedure that uses a dissolving agent injected through catheter into region of thrombus/ clot, and clot is disintegrated/lysed |
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Definition
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Term
| uses a range of agents, such as vasocontrictor/dilators, chemotherapy drugs, and radioactive materials to treat disease |
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Definition
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Term
| foreign bodies can be removed through use of loop snares, basket catheters, or endoscopic grasping forceps, through a procedure called: |
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Definition
| extraction of vascular foreign bodies |
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Term
| nonvascular interventional procedures |
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Definition
-percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty
-enteric stenting
-nephrostomy
-percutaneous biliary drainage
-percutaneous abdominal acscess drainage
-percutaneous needle biopsy
-percutaneous gastrostomy |
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Term
used to treat patients who have vertebral pain and instability
involves percutaneous injection of acrylic cement |
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Definition
| percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty |
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Term
| placing a stent for decompression of the obstructed bowel done preoperatively |
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Definition
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Term
| useful in treating several types of kidney pathologies or disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| used as a palliative procedure for unresectable malignant disease |
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Definition
| percutaneous biliary drainage |
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Term
| indicated when abdominal or pelvic abscesses cannot be readily treated by simple incision |
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Definition
| percutaneous abdominal abscess drainage |
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Term
| performed when primary or metastic malignancy is suspected |
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Definition
| percutaneous needle biopsy |
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Term
performed for extended feeding of patients unable to eat
gastric decompression
dilation of upper GI tract when oral approach fails |
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Definition
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Term
| interventional radiology xray tubes differ from traditional xray tubes because of their ability to: |
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Definition
| withstand high amounts of heat |
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Term
| interventional radiology xray tubes are constructed with larger _____ combined with larger ___ to acommadate for the increased heat production |
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Definition
diameter anode disks
target angle/focal spots |
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Term
| ___ replaces the television camera in the vascular imaging system |
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Definition
| charged coupling devices (CCDs) |
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Term
| acquires images digitally so no special conversion equipment is required |
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Definition
| digital image intensifiers |
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Term
| digital image intensifiers are composed of ____ that are known as flat panels or digital detectors |
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Definition
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Term
| typical automatic digital type injectors consist of: |
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Definition
-control panel
-syringe
-warming device
-high pressure mechanism
-safety mechanisms |
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Term
| safety mechanisms in interventional radiography |
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Definition
-volume/pressure limiting devices
-acceleration regulator
-raterise control |
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Term
| 3 modes of digital acquisition |
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Definition
digital angiography
digital subtraction angiography
digital cineradiography |
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Term
| involves production of one image and is used when only a few images are needed |
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Definition
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Term
| a highly sophisticated computer "subtracts"/removes bone and soft tissue structures so only vessels of interest are demonstrated |
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Definition
| digital subtraction angiography |
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Term
| digital subtraction angiography appears as a ___ and may demonstrate diagnostic info not apparent on conventional image |
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Definition
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Term
| digital image acquisition is used when imaging vessels in the: |
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Definition
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Term
| taking numerous exposures in a second, used primarily for cardiac catheterization |
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Definition
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