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Interpersonal
Communication
91
Communication
Intermediate
10/18/2019

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Cards

Term
Instrumental Goals
Definition
Aimed at getting things done
Term
Linear communication model
Definition
A one-way event in which a message flows from sender to receiver.
Term
Sender
Definition
Creator of a message
Term
Encoder
Definition
Process of putting thoughts into symbols, most commonly words.
Term
Noise
Definition
External, physiological or psychological distractions that interfere with the accurate transmission and reception of a message.
Term
Transactional communication modle
Definition
A characterization of communication as the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages in an ongoing, irrevisible process
Term
Environment
Definition
Field of experiences that lead a person to make sense of another's behaviour.
Term
Interpersonal communication
Definition
A continuous transactional process involving participants who occupy different but overlapping environments and create relationships through the exchange of messages, many of which are affected by noise.
Term
Content message
Definition
A message that communicates information about the subject being discussed.
Term
Relational message
Definition
A message that expresses the social relationship between two or more ind.
Term
Quantitative definition of interpersonal comm.
Definition
Impersonal comm., face to face, between 2 individuals.
Term
Dyad
Definition
Two people interacting
Term
Impersonal communication
Definition
Behaviour that treats others as objects rather than as individuals.
Term
Qualitative definition of interpersonal comm.
Definition
Communication in which the parties consider one another as unique individuals rather than as objects.
Term
Mediated communication
Definition
The use of computer based tools for the purpose of human interaction.
Term
Dishinibition
Definition
Tendency to transmit messages without considering their consequences.
Term
Communication competence
Definition
The ability to accomplish one's personal goals in a manner that maintains or enhances the relationship in which it occurs.
Term
Cognitive complexity
Definition
The ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue.
Term
Empathy
Definition
The ability to project oneself into another person's point of view so as to experience the other's thoughts and feelings.
Term
Self-monitoring
Definition
The process of attending to your own behaviour and using these observations to shape the way you behave.
Term
Self-concept
Definition
The relatively stable set of perceptions individuals hold about themselves.
Term
Self-esteem
Definition
Involves evaluations of self-worth.
Term
Personality
Definition
Characteristic ways that you think and behave across a variety of situations.
Term
Reflected appraisal
Definition
Theory that a person's self concept matches the way the person believes others regard him or her.
Term
Significant other
Definition
Person whose opinion is imp. enough to affect one's self-concept strongly.
Term
Social comparison
Definition
Evaluation of oneself in terms of or by comparison to other's.
Term
Reference groups
Definition
Groups against which we compare ourselves, thereby influencing our self-concept and self-esteem.
Term
Cognitive conservatisim
Definition
The tendency to seek and attend to info. that conforms to an existing self-concept.
Term
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
A prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to occur that would otherwise have been the case.
Term
Self-imposed prophecy
Definition
Occurs when your own expectations inlfuence your behaviour.
Term
Other-imposed
Definition
Occurs when your own expectations influence your behaviour.
Term
Identity managment
Definition
The communication strategies people use to influence how others view them.
Term
Perceived self
Definition
The person you believe yourself to be in moments of honest self-examination.
Term
Presenting self
Definition
The image a person presents to others.
Term
Perception
Definition
The process whereby we assign meaning to the world around us.
Term
Selection
Definition
The 1st stage in the perception process, in which some data are chosen to attend to and others ignore.
Term
Organization
Definition
The stage in the perception process that involves arranging data in a meaningful way.
Term
Perceptual schemata
Definition
Cognitive frameworks that allow individuals to organize perceptual data that they have selected from the environment.
Term
Stereotyping
Definition
Categorizing ind. according to a set of characteristics assumed to belong to all members of a group.
Term
Punctuation
Definition
The process of determining the causal order of events.
Term
Interpretation
Definition
The process of attaching meaning to sense data, synonymous with decode.
Term
Negotiation
Definition
What occurs between and among people as they influence one another's perceptions and try to achieve a shared perspective.
Term
Narratives
Definition
The stories we use to describe our personal worlds.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The attitude that one's own culture is superior to others.
Term
Attribution
Definition
The process of attaching meaning to behaviour.
Term
Self-serving bias
Self-serving bias
Definition
The tendency to interpret and explain info. in a why that casts the perciever in the most favourable manner.
Term
Halo effect
Definition
The tendency to form an overall positive impression on the basis of one positive characteristic.
Term
Perception checking
Definition
A three-part method for verifying the accuracy of interpretations, including a description of the beh., two possible interpretations, and a request for clarification of the interpretation.
Term
Empathy
Definition
The ability to project oneself into another person's point of view so as to experience the other's thoughts and feelings.
Term
Smpathy
Definition
Compassion for another's situation
Term
Cognitive complexity
Definition
The ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue.
Term
Pillow method
Definition
A way of understanding an issue from several perspectives, rather than with an egocentric, "I'm right and you're wrong" attitude.
Term
Emotional Intelligence
Definition
The ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and be sensitive to other's feelings.
Term
Reappraisal
Definition
Rethinking the meaning of emotionally charged en\vents in ways that alter their emotional impact.
Term
Primary emotions
Definition
Basic emotions such as anger, joy, fear, and sadness.
Term
Mixed emotions
Definition
Feeling two or more conflicting emotions at the same time.
Term
Emotion labour
Definition
The notion that managing and even suppressing emotions is bot appropriate and necessary.
Term
Emotional contagion
Definition
The process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another.
Term
Debilitative emotions
Definition
Emotions that prevent a person from functioning effectively.
Term
Facilitative emotions
Definition
Emotions that contribute to effective functioning.
Term
Self-talk
Definition
The procces of thinking. It occurs as a person interprets another's behaviour.
Term
Fallacies
Definition
Debilitative feelings that come from accepting irrational thoughts.
Term
Rumination
Definition
Dwelling persistently on negative thoughts that, in turn, intensify negative feelings.
Term
Fallacy of perfection
Definition
The irrational belief that a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle every situation with complete confidence and skill.
Term
Fallacy of approval
Definition
The irrational belief that it is vital to win the approval of virtually every persona communicator deals with.
Term
Fallacy of shoulds
Definition
The inability to distinguish between what is and what should be.
Term
Fallacy of overgeneralization
Definition
Irrational beliefs in which conclusions (usually negative) are based on limited evidence or exaggerated shortcomings.
Term
Fallacy of causation
Definition
The irrational belief that emotions are caused by others and not by the person who experiences them.
Term
Fallacy of helplessness
Definition
The irrational belief that satisfaction in life is determined by forces beyond one's control.
Term
Fallacy of catastrophic expectations
Definition
The irrational belief that the worst possible outcome will probably occur.
Term
Semantic rules
Definition
Rules that govern the meaning of language, as opposed to its structure.
Term
Equivocal language
Definition
Words, word orders, phrases, or expressions that have more than one commonly accepted definition.
Term
Relative words
Definition
Words that gain their meaning through comparison.`
Term
Static evaluation
Definition
The tendency to view people or relationships as unchanging.
Term
Abstract lang.
Definition
Lang. that is vague and unclear.
Term
Syntactic rules
Definition
Rules that govern the way symbols can be arranged, as opposed to the meanings of those symbols.
Term
Pragmatic rules
Definition
Linguistic rules that help comm. understand how messages may be used and interpreted in a given context.
Term
Convergence
Definition
The process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others with whom the comm. wants to identify.
Term
Divergence
Definition
Speech mannerisms that emphasize a communicator's differences from others.
Term
Differential lang.
Definition
A lang. style in which speakers defer to listeners by using hedges, hesitations, intensifers, polite forms, tag questions, and disclaimers.
Term
Inference
Definition
A conclusion that is arrived at from an interpretaion of evidence.
Term
Emotive lang.
Definition
Lang. that conveys the speaker's attitude rather than simply offering an objective description.
Term
"It" statements
Definition
Statements that replace the personal pronoun I with the less immediate word it, often with the effect of reducing the speaker's acceptance or responsibilty for the statements.
Term
"I" lang.
Definition
A statemetn that describes the speaker's reaction to another person's beh. without making judgments about the beavour's worth.
Term
"But" statements
Definition
in which the word but cancels out the expression that preceded it.
Term
"You" statements
Definition
A statement that expresses or implies a judgement of the other person.
Term
"We" statements
Definition
A statement that implies that the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the sender and receiver of a message.
Term
Low-context cultures
Definition
Cultures that use lang. primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as clearly and logically as possible.
Term
High-context lang.
Definition
Cultures that avoid direct use of lang. relyling instead on the context of a message to convey meaning.
Term
Linguistic relativisim
Definition
The notion that the world view of a culture is shaped and reflected by the lang. its members speak.
Term
Sapir-Worf hypothesis
Definition
This hypothesis suggests that the lang. we speak affects how we interact with the world around us.
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