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Definition
| The condition in which a message may be interpreted as having more than one meaning |
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Term
| Asynchronous Communication |
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Definition
| Communication that does not take place in real time. (ex. e-mail) |
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Definition
| The study of the persuasive power of computer communication. |
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Definition
| The vehicle or medium through which signals are sent; for example, the vocal-auditory channel. |
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Definition
| Moments when you have to make a choice as to who you communicate with, what you say & don't say, how you phrase what you are going to say, etc. |
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Definition
| In IPC, knowledge about communication and the ability to engage in communication effectively. "Language competence" is a speaker's ability to use the language; it is a knowledge of the elements and rules of language. |
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Term
| Complementary Relationship |
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Definition
| A relationship in which the behavior of one person serves as the stimulus for the complementary behavior of the other; in complementary relationships, behavioral differences are maximized. |
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| One aspect to which messages may refer: the world external to both the speaker and listener |
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| One aspect to which messages may refer: the connections existing between the individuals who are interacting. |
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Definition
| The physical, psychological, social, and temporal environment in which communication takes place |
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Definition
| In human communication the decoder is the auditory mechinism that takes a message in one form and translates it into another from which meaning can be formulated. In electronic communication the decoder is the telephone ear piece, for example. |
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Definition
| The speaking mechanism that takes a message in one from and translates it into another. In electronic communication it is, for example, the telephone mouthpiece. |
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Definition
| The process by which messages are sent, recieved, processed, and understoon in communication. Encoding is the act of producing messages (speech or text) and decoding is the act of understanding messages (listening or reading). |
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Definition
| The branch of philosophy that deals with the rightness or wrongness of actions; the study of moral values; in communication, the morality of message behavior. |
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Definition
| Information that is given back to the source. It may come form the source's own messages (when you hear what you're saying) or from the recievers in forms like applause, yawning, puzzled looks, etc. |
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Definition
| Information that is sent before a regular message, telling the listener somehting about what is to follow; a message that is prefatory to a more central message. |
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Definition
| A principle of communication holding that communication cannot be avoided; all behavior in an interactional setting is communication. |
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Term
| Interpersonal Communication |
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Definition
| Communication between 2 persons or among a small group of persons, as distinguished from public or mass communication; communication of a personal nature, or communication between or among connected persons or those involved in a close relationship |
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Definition
| A principle of communication holding that communication cannot be reversed; once something has been communicated, it cannot be uncommunicated. |
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Definition
| A signal or combination of signals that serves as a stimulus for a reciever |
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Definition
| A message that makes reference to another message. (Ex. "Did I make myself clear?", "That's a lie", they refere to other messages) |
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Definition
| A state of relative awareness. You are aware of the logic and rationality of your behaviors and the logical connections existing among elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of relative awareness in which you are unaware of logic and rationality in your behaviors or in the connections existing among elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that interferes with your recieving a message as the source intended the message to be recieved. Noise is present in communication to the extent that the message recieved is not the message sent. |
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Term
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Definition
The breaking up of continuous communiction sequences into short sequences with identifiable beginnings and endings or stimuli and responses.
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Definition
| The dimension of messages that comments on the relationship between the speakers rather than on matters external to them. |
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Definition
Source--formulates and sends messages
Reciever--percieves and comprehends messages |
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Term
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Definition
| A relationship between two or more persons in which on person's behavior serves as a stimulus for the same type of behavior in the other persons; one person being pissed off pisses someone else off |
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Term
| Synchronous communication |
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Definition
| Communication occurs at the same time, in real time. An example is IMing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A general statement or principle applicable to various related phenomena. |
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Term
| Transactional perspective |
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Definition
| A point of view that sees communication as an ongoing process in which all elements are interdependent and influence one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A characteristic of communication referring to the fact that all cominication acts are unique and can never be repeated exactly. |
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Definition
| the process by which your culture is modified or changed through contact or exposure to another culture |
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Definition
| the relatively specialized elements of the lifestyle of a group of people that are passed on from one generation to the next through communication, not through genes |
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Definition
| The process by which culture is transmitted from one generation to another |
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Definition
| A commitment to the beliefs and philosophy f your culture, the degree to which you identify with your cultural group |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to see others and their behaviors through our own cultural filters, often as distortions of our own behaviors; the tendency to evaluate the values and beliefs of our own culture more positively than those of other cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| A culture in which much of the information in communication messages is left implied; it's "understood". Meaning is considered to be in the context or in the person rather than explicitly coded in the verbal messages. Collectivist cultures are usually high context. |
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Term
| individualist orientation |
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Definition
| a cultural orientation that gives greater importance to the individual's rather than to the groups goals and preferences |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| intercultural communications |
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Definition
| communication that takes place between persons of different cultures or between persons who have different cultural beliefs, values, or ways of behaving. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristic of cultures that are uncomfortable with ambiguity, do much to avoid uncertainty, and have a great deal of anxiety about not knowing what will happen next. |
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Term
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Definition
| A culture in which men are viewed as assertive, oriented to material success, and strong; women on the other hand are viewed as modest, focused on the quality of life, and tender. They emphasize success and socialize their people to be assertive, ambitious, and competitive. |
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Term
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Definition
| A characteristic of culture referring to the degree to which there are power differences among the members in high power-distance cultures there is a great distance between those in authority and the regular citizenry; power is concentrated in the hands of a few. In low-power distance cultures power is more evenly distributed throughout the population |
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Term
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Definition
| In communication, a fixed impression of a group of people through which we then percieve specific individuals; stereotypes are most often negative but may also be positive. |
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Term
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Definition
| the communication of support and approval |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of assigning causation or motivation to a person's behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| An attitude and way of behaving in which you're aware of, have respect for, and acknowledge cultural differences |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| In attributions of causality, the tendency to overvalue and give too much weight to the contribution of internal factors (a person's personality) and to undervalue and give too little weight to the contribution of external factors (the situation the person is in or the surrounding events). |
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Term
| implicit personality theory |
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Definition
| A theory of personality, complete with rules about what characteristics go with what other characteristics, that you maintain and through which you percieve others |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which you percieve another person and ultimately come to some kind of evaluation or interpretation of this person |
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Definition
| The process you go through to communicate the impression you want the other person to have of you; some writers use the term self-presentation or identity management |
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Term
| interpretation-evaluation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A quality of interpersonal effectiveness involving attentiveness, interest, and concern for the other person |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to attribute a great deal or even everything about a person does to one or two characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which you become aware of objects, events, and people through your senses |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenomenon in interersonal perception whereby we give more importance to that which occurs first (primacy) or to that which occurs last or most recently (recency). |
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Definition
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Definition
| A theory that describes relationships with interactions governed by a series of rules that couples agree to follow. When the rules are followed, a relationship is maintained; when they are broken, the relationship experiences difficulty. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ways of organizing perceptions; mental templates or structures that helo you organize the millions of items of information you come in contact with every day as well as those you already have in memory. (ex. general ideas about people, about yourself, and about social roles) |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of schema; an organized body of information about some action, event, or procedure. A script is a general idea of how some event should play out or unfold, of the rules governing the events and their sequence. |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which you know yourself |
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Term
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Definition
| Beliefs that create problems, often beliefs that are unrealistic and set goals that are impossible to achieve |
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Term
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Definition
| The value you place on yourself; your self-evaluation. Usually refers to the positive value people place on themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Situation in which you make a prediction or prophecy and by making it cause it to come true. (ex. expecting a person to be hostile you act in a hostile mannor to them which causes them to have a hostile reaction to you) |
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Term
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Definition
| A bias that operates in the self-attribution process, leading people to take credit for the positive consequences and to deny responsibility for the negative consequences of their behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which a listener expresses his or her understanding of the speaker's total message, including the verbal and nonverbal communication, the thoughts, and the feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| Rules or customs (of a culture or organization) that governs what is and what is not permissible emotional communication |
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Term
| empathetic and objective listening |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Judging or placing a value on some person, object, or event; a stage in listening that involves thinking critically about and judging the message |
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Term
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Definition
| An active process of recieving aural stimuli consisting of five stages: recieving, understanding, rememberingm evaluating, and responding. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory that is unlimited in storage capacity and that holds information for long periods of time |
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Term
| nonjudgemental and critical listening |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A stage in listening involving the hearing of and attending to the message |
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Term
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Definition
| A stage in listening reffering to the retention of what you hear |
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Term
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Definition
| A stage in listening in which the listener answers or gives feedback to the speaker |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory that is very limited in capacity; contains information that is quickly lost if it is not passed on to long-term memory |
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Term
| surface and depth listening |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A stage in listening involving deciphering meaning from the message you hear |
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Term
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Definition
| A cultural orientation in which the groups goals rather than the individuals are given greater importance and in which, for example, benevolence, tradition, and conformity are given special emphasis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A culture in which both men and women are encouraged to be modest, oriented to maintaining the quality of life, and tender. They emphasize the quality of life and so socialize their people to be modest and to emphasize close interpersonal relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| recieving, understanding, remembering, evaluationg, and responding |
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