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| Voluntary relationships focused on achieving specific practical goals, such as those among peers in a study group or colleagues at work. |
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| A family type where the husband and wife provide care for one or more children who are not the biological offspring of both adults. Often called "stepfamilies" or "remarried" families. |
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| Two unmarried adults who are involved romantically and live together with or without children. |
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| Voluntary relationships focused on sharing time and activities together. |
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| The degree to which family members believe communication should emphasize similarity or diversity in attitudes, beliefs, and values |
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| Families characterized by high levels of conformity and conversation orientation. For example, Dan's parents encourage their son to be open but also expect him to maintain family unity through agreement or obedience. |
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| The degree to which family members view communication as the principal vehicle for maintaining family bonds. |
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| A family type consisting of a group of people who are related to one another—such as aunts, uncles, cousins, or grandparents—and who live in the same household. |
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| A group of people who create and maintain a mutual identity, emotional bonds, and communication boundaries through how they interact with each other and others; who share a common past, present, and future; and who may or may not share a biological heritage. |
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| family communication patterns |
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Definition
| Beliefs about the role communication should play in family life and the interactions that result from those beliefs. Among families there are variations in how much or little conversation and conformity are expected in a family. See also conformity orientation; conversation orientation. |
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| family communication rules |
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Definition
| The boundaries a family establishes about what topics family members may discuss, how they should speak about them, and who should have access to family-relevant information. For instance, Melinda knows that she can ask her parents about her grandfather but cannot speak of him to her aunt, who is deeply resentful of him. |
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| Narratives of family events retold to bond family members. For example, Katie's mother often recounts how Katie was born on the day of a crippling blizzard. |
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| Voluntary relationships between people who like and enjoy each other's company. |
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| Guidelines for appropriate communication and behavior within friendships, such as keeping a confidence and showing support. |
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| Friendships negotiated to include sexual activity without a commitment to deeper emotional bonds. |
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| A family type consisting of two people of the same sex who serve as parents for the biological or adopted children of the adults. |
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| Families characterized by low levels of conformity and conversation orientation. For example, Samantha's parents prefer limited communication and encourage their daughter to make her own choices and decisions. |
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| A family type consisting of a father, a mother, and their biological children. |
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| Families characterized by low levels of conformity and high levels of conversation orientation. For example, Julie's parents encourage her to express herself freely, and when conflicts arise, they collaborate with her to resolve them. |
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| Families characterized by high levels of conformity and low levels of conversation orientation. For example, Brian's parents expect their son to be respectful, and they discourage family discussions. |
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| A household in which one adult has the sole responsibility to be the children's caregiver. |
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| Communication from a subordinate intended to influence a superior in an organization. For example, you convince your manager to try a new product |
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| A workplace atmosphere that is unfriendly, rigid, or unsupportive. Contrast supportive climate. |
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| Messages from a superior to subordinates. For example, the CEO of the company calls the regional managers together for a strategy session. Contrast upward communication. |
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| mixed status relationships |
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Definition
| Associations between people at different levels of power and status in an organization, such as a manager and a salesclerk. |
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| The overarching emotional quality of a workplace environment. For example, employees might say their organization feels warm, frenetic, unfriendly, or serene. |
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| A distinct set of workplace traditions, values, and practices. |
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| Communication links among an organization's members, such as the nature, frequency, and ways information is exchanged. For example, you have weekly face-to-face status meetings with your boss or receive daily reminder e-mails from an assistant. |
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| People who hold jobs at the same level of power and status to our own. |
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| Unwelcome sexual advances, physical contact, or requests that render a workplace offensive or intimidating. |
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| A workplace atmosphere that is supportive, warm, and open. Contrast defensive climate. |
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| Messages from a subordinate to a superior. For instance, a clerk notifies the department manager that inventory needs to be reordered. Contrast downward communication. |
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| Groups of coworkers linked solely through e-mail, social-networking sites, or the Internet. |
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| Coworkers who communicate mostly by means of electronic technologies such as the telephone, video conferences, and e-mail. |
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| Verbal or nonverbal hostility directed at a person at work; it may consist of insults, unreasonable demands, or claims of credit for someone |
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| Dense networks of coworkers who share common perspectives about life and values in the workplace. |
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Definition
| Any relationship with your supervisor, coworkers, or subordinates in a professional setting. |
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