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| Anarchical Political System |
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| An anarchical system is one in which there is no central authority to make rules, or to resolve disputes about the actors in the political system. |
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| A policy advocated by the British and French toward the Germans following World War I. The hope was to maintain peace by allowing Hitler to annex the Sudentenland region of Czechoslovakia. |
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| A strategy by which a national military or other armed force, including a terrorist organization, that is relatively small lightly equipped attacks a militarily stronger opponent by using unconventional means, such as terrorism, or with limited unconventional weapons, such as nuclear explosives and material, biological agents, or chemical agents. |
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| A concept that describes the degree of equilibrium (balance) or disequilibrium (imbalance) or power in the global or regional system. |
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| A type of international system with two roughly equal actors or coalitions of actors that divide the international system into two poles. |
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| The confrontation that emerged following World War II between the bipolar superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States. Although no direct conflict took place between these countries, it was an era of great tensions and global divisions. |
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| U.S. policy that sought to contain communism during the cold war. |
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| A cold war policy involving the United States, the Soviet Union, and China, which sought to open relations among the countries and ease tensions. |
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| A term used to describe the ideological division between hemispheres following World War II. The East was associated with communism, while the West associated with democracy. |
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| The close interrelationship and mutual dependence of two or more domestic economies on each other. |
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| Economically developed country (EDCs) |
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| An industrialized country mainly found in the Northern Hemisphere. |
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| An ethnic group in which a significant percentage of its member favor national self-determination and the establishment of a nation-state dominated by the group. |
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| A term to distinguish the whites of Europe and of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and other countries whose cultures were founded on or converted to European culture from other races and ethnic groups, including Caucasian peoples in latin America, the Middle East, South Asia, and elsewhere. |
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| Medieval political system of smaller units, such as principalities, duke dome, and harmonies, ruled by minor royalty. |
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| A multifaceted concept that represents the increasing integration of economics, communications, and culture across national boundaries. |
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| gross national product(GNP) |
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| A measure of the sum of all goods and services produced by a country's nationals, whether they are in the country or abroad. |
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| A single country or alliance that is so, dominant in the international system that it plays the key role in determining the rules and norms by which the system operates. As the dominant power in the system, it has a central position |
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| The domination and unification of a political territory in Western and Central Europe that lasted from its inception and Charlemagne in 800 to the renunciation of the imperial title by Francis II in 1806 |
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| A term synonymous with colonization, meaning domination in Norther Eurowhites over Southern nonwhite as a means to tap resources to further their own development. |
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| The development of mechanical and industrial production of goods that began in Great Britain in the mid-1700s and then spread through Europe and North America. |
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| An abstract concept that encompasses global actors. |
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| Less developed countries (LDCs) |
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| Countries, located mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, with economies that rely heavily on the production of agriculture and raw materials and whose per capita GDP and standard of living and substantially below Western standards. |
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| A configuration of the international system in which there is one power center that plays something less than a fully dominant role because of a range or external and/or internal restraints on its power. |
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| This concept describes the merging of states unto an integrated world. Benjamin Barber coined this term to describe how states are becoming globalized, especially with the growth of economic interdependence. |
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| four or more international actors |
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| A meeting between France, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy in 1938, during which France and Great Britain, unwilling to confront Hitler, acquired with Germany's decision to annex the Sudetenland. This appeasement of Germany became synonymous with a lack of political will. |
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| Belief that the nation is the ultimate basis of political loyalty and that nations should have self governing states. |
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| Newly Industrializing countries (NICs) |
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| Less developed countries whose economics ad whose trade now include significant amounts of manufactured produces/ As a result, those countries have a per capita GDP significantly higher than the average per capita GDP for less developed countries. |
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| The economically developed countries including those of Western Europe, the United States, and Canada in North America, Japan in Asia and Australia and New Zealand in Oceania. |
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| An alliance of 26 member countries, establishing 1949by Canada , the United States, and most of the countries o Wester Europe to defend its members for soviet-led attacks. |
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| A political doctrine that holds that sovereign political authority resides with the citizens of a state. The citizenry grant a certain amount of authority to the state, its government, and the political leaders, but do not surrender ultimate soveriegnty. |
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| an actor in the international system that has enough military, economy, and or diplomatic stregth to often have an important role in determining the rules and operation of the system. |
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| The religious movement initiated by Martin Luther in Germany in 1517 that rejected the Catholic Church |
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| Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) |
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| A measure of the relative purchasing power of different currencies. It is measured by the price of the same goods in different countries. |
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| Operating according to the belief that politics is based on the pursuit, possession and application of power |
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| A period of cultural and intellectual rebirth and reform following the dark ages from approximately 1350 to 1650 |
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| The economically less developed countries primarily located in Africa, asia, and latin america |
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| Political independence from any higher authority |
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| political actor the has sovereignty and a number of character is tics including territory population organization and recognition. |
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| The leader of a system pole in a bipolar system. During the cold war, the USSR and the US were each leader of a bipolar system pole. |
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| The continue to improve the quality of life of those in the industrialized countries and particularly those in the less developed countries while simultaneously protecting Earth's biosphere. |
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| Once commonly used to designate the countries of asia africa latin america and elsewhere that were economically less developed. |
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| Ended the Thirty Years' War 1618-1648. Signals the birth of the modern state system and the end of the the theoretical subordination of the monarchies of Europe.. |
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| Coined by Benjamin Barber to describe the internal pressure on countries that can lead to the fragmentation and even to their collapse. |
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| Weapons of Mass Destruction |
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| nuclear weapons with a tremendous capability to destroy a population and the planet, but also include some exceptionally devastating conventional arms. |
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| Historically, Europe and those countries and regions whose cultures were founded on or converted to European culture: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US. |
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| Westernization of the international system |
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| A number of factors including scientific and technological advances, contributed to the domination of the West over the international system that was essentially created by the Treaty of Westphalia. |
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