Term
| •D. Harvey’s Time Space Compression: |
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Definition
•16th-19th centuries of discoveries→ European Influence.
•20th Century→North American Influence.
•21st Century→ GLOBAL CENTURY.
➢Perceptions of time & space have changed through these centuries
•Not because world has literally gotten smaller but because of perception that world seems to be shrinking b/c of technology |
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Term
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Definition
| ➢The relational and comparative study of the manner in which different individuals, localities, groups, regions and nations confront global issues |
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Term
| Main characteristics of modernism: |
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Definition
→Objective ultimate truth →Universal Standards
→Anti-Supernatural →Message transmission
→Authority from Science →Authentic Self
→Linear Narrative →Homogeneity |
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Term
| Main characteristics of postmodernism: |
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Definition
→Objective Ultimate Truth is Unknowable →Mystical
→No ultimate authority →Partial Truths
→Discourse →Fragmented Self
→Hypertext →Heterogeneity |
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Term
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Definition
| ➢The totality of the interactions between and among organisms and the non-living portion of the environment in a given locale |
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Term
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Definition
| ➢Any large recognizable assemblage of plants and animals in functional interaction with its environment, typically named on the basis… |
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Term
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Definition
➢Difficult to keep people out
➢Degrade with use, but needed to live
➢Institutions are rules, not organizations
➢Laws, norms, customs
➢Formal vs. Informal |
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Term
| •Institutions: Importance? |
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Definition
→ both permit and prohibit certain behaviors
→create obligations |
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Term
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Definition
➢Current use without endangering future use
•EX: over-hunting, over-fishing, use of a forest in a non-traditional way |
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Term
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Definition
•the definition of THIS can change due to needs
➢Element of the physical environment that can be exploited for economic gain |
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Term
| •Principle Energy Resources: COAL |
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Definition
Largest producers→China, US, India, Australia
Largest exporters→ Australia, China, Indonesia, South Africa |
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Term
| •Principle Energy Resources: OIL/GAS |
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Definition
:Largest producers of Petroleum→Russia, Saudi Arabia, US
Largest producers of Natural Gas→Russia, US, Canada |
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Term
| •Principle Energy Resources: URANIUM |
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Definition
| Largest producers→Canada, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan |
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Term
| Alternative Energy Sources: (most promising) |
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Definition
| →Hydroelectric power, Solar energy, Wind energy, Tidal energy, Geothermal energy |
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Term
| •Contemporary Conservation Strategies: |
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Definition
➢Beneficiation: use of lower-grade ores through improved extraction
➢Recycling: particularly important for aluminum, glass, and steel
➢Substitution: use of more widely available goods for a scarce community |
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Term
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Definition
➢The different ways that humans have developed ideas from experience/memory and act upon the basis of that experience
➢Characteristics:
•Culture is learned→not innate, not instinctive
•Culture is taught→transmitted from generations; verbal/non-verbal, only by humans
•Culture is ideational→group habits that are part of culture are ideal norms or patterns of behavior
•Culture is satisfying→habits persist only if they satisfy needs
•Culture is social→originates/develops through interactions of people
Culture is adaptive→customs, beliefs and practices change slowly but can adapt to social environment |
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Term
| Relate: Culture & Identity |
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Definition
| ➢Cultural universals include items like religion and language which are key factors that contribute to a person’s identity |
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Term
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Definition
“Heterogloss” meaning changeable
➢Identity is a heterogloss because people will change and mold to their circumstances |
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Term
| •Material vs. Non-material culture: |
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Definition
➢Material:
→Artifacts are physical trappings of culture
→Visible objects a group leaves behind
→Can be materials form everyday life or from arts and recreation
EX: rituals, religion, language, music, film, theater, built and “natural” landscape
➢Non-material:
→idea of liberty and justice |
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Term
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Definition
➢Occasional conduct or performance governed by rules by particular members of a single culture, often used as a message to society
→implies knowledge of rules of performance; attention to social status and identity
➢Draws on everyday experience
➢A consciously and artfully performed stylization of that performance |
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Term
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Definition
| ➢Dialectic in attempt to make cognitive sense out of the chaotic data provided by nature |
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Term
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Definition
➢The service or worship of God or the supernatural—Webster’s Dictionary
➢Important element of history/culture; gives people some of their core beliefs |
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Term
| ➢Universal aspects of religion: |
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Definition
•Belief in higher power
•Surrender to the Supreme power
•An ethic of reciprocity (the Golden Rule)
•Worship (prayer)
•Belief in the human spirit/soul
•Belief in other worlds (something beyond physical life, reincarnation, etc.)
•Paths to God that can affect higher change |
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Term
| ➢Significance of Religion |
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Definition
•People draw from the religion core values & beliefs
•Religion is a key to how people treat and organize the environment
•Key element of identity
•Most migrants retain their religion for many generations
•Most religions require exclusive adherence
➢The main difference between UNIVERSALIZING and ETHNIC religions is that UR see god as creator and humans serve god by modifying god while ER do not attempt to transform nature to same extent |
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Term
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Definition
➢Rationality→scientifically based, can be proven
➢Belief→things that can no be proved exist but you still believe in (FAITH) |
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Term
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Definition
➢Main way that we communicate with one another
➢A linguistic sign and its meaning is entirely arbitrary
➢Language can discuss a wide range of topics—distinct from animal comm. |
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Term
| First language vs second language |
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Definition
→Genetic predisposition →Children have little difficulty learning
→Language acquired depends multiple languages
on what’s spoken around them →After puberty, learning language is
→Shift to using syntax @ around much more difficult
2 years is a crucial point in →Can be partially overcome by:
development of language immersion & social exception |
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Term
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Definition
•Pronunciation based on social class or religion
➢Other formalized forms:
1. Slang→informal, short-lived language
2. Argot→nonstandard language or code
3. Jargon→specialized vocabulary of trades or professions
➢Registers: change of use for certain situations (formal vs. informal) |
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Term
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Definition
➢Writing→ allows greater complexity, but forces greater clarity
➢Sign Language→ share many traits of ordinary language
➢Body Language→ the “Hidden Dimension”
➢Semaphore & Morse Code |
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Term
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Definition
➢Identity with a group of people who share a cultural traditions of a homeland
--Components:
•Language(s), dress/clothes, physical appearance, beliefs, residence, food |
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Term
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Definition
➢Identity with a group of people who share a theoretical biological ancestor
➢In theory, we are related to race by blood |
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