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Definition
| Process of connecting and increasing interdependance of the world's market and business |
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Term
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| Forces driving globalization are profoundly weakening or limiting the ability of national states to shape their own policies and destinies (sovereignty at risk) |
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Definition
| Must be close to supplies and resources and or markets. |
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Definition
Simple for business and investments to move from one place to another. (Wait little time for supplies.)
however government worries about capital flight (taxation and regulations) |
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| Propostion that globalization puts downward pressure on wages, environment protections, social welfare benefits and safety standards, by corporations relocating in search of lower wages and regulations. |
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| 3 Main Concerns Against Globalization |
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Definition
I. threat to sovereignty
II. disadvantages poor working class and marginalized populations and will lead to environmental degradation
III. The power of international markets shape, influecence and even dictate national policies |
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Term
| 4 Main sources of Internaitonal Court of Justice |
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Definition
I. Customary International Law: states follow certain behaviors. (legal obligations.)
II. Convential International Law: Based on international agreements. (states sign agreement)
III. General Principles: Common to the systme of international law. Major legal systems follow a gernal Principle
IV. Previous Legal Cases and Scholarly Writings
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Term
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Definition
| Concerned with the questions or rights between several states and the citizens or subjecst of other states. |
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Definition
Dutch philosopher
Seen as father of International law
worked on codifying the "law of the sea" - Territorial waters. . . "Connon shot rule" (exclusive economic zone (EEZ) 200 miles out) |
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Term
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
+ 2 Major Weaknesses |
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Definition
Hears disputes between states over violation of international law.
No compulsory jurisdiction (can't put warrent out, no legal body to compel states to court, optional clause give ICJ Jurisdiciton.)
Voluntary Compliance (No police force to enforce court rulings)
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Term
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Definition
| Gives states the option to choose whether they want to be subject to the compulsory Jurisdiction by the international court of Justice (ICJ) |
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Term
| Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) |
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Definition
| Formally known as the general treaty for the Renunciation of war (to settle disputes peacefully) |
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Definition
| People and states routinely abide by laws because they believe it is morally right |
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Definition
| People and states follow law because they think it is in their best interest to do so. |
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| 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
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Definition
Adobted by half the states.
Links human rights with international Peace
30 articles for tradtional, civial and political rights |
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Term
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Definition
| An act considered to break international law but was done as a response to another states violation of internatinal law |
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Definition
| obligation for all states to punish those who vilate international law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Police force isn't available to enforce court rulings. States must come willingly and not by force. |
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Term
| 2 Types of attempt to enforcemnet |
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Definition
I. Moral Suasion:Moral arguments that appeal to human emtion, sense of decency and fair play.
II. The Force of the Law: Initially "the unversal declaration on Humans rights" come to have the force of law.
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Term
| Human Rights problematic enforcement |
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Definition
in 1 nation U.N. can't intervene
taking away countrie's sovereignty
Intervention becomes "candy-coated" Imperialism
Richer countries don't recieve intervention
Only ask believers to fight for the cause. |
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Term
| 3 Generations of Peacekeeping |
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Definition
First Generation: 1946-1980; Literally to keep peace, cease fire in place, consent of the parties engaged, UN forces stay neutral, lightly armed, no effort to get to root
Second Generation: Expanded activities of UN to include Peacemaking and Peacebuilding, Involved Military and Civilian personnel, Consent is preferred but not always feesible, lightly armed.
Third Generation: 1990's-Present; Legit protection for protection of individuals, Greater likelihood of involvement in intra-state (within) Conflicts, consent desirable, lightly armed.
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Term
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Definition
| Uninvited intervention by state/small group of states into the affiars of another state without the approval or sanction of international organization. |
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Term
| Multilateral Intervention |
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Definition
| Approved intervention by uninvited international organization |
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Term
| Humanitarian Intervention |
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Definition
| Uninvited interference by a stat or international organization in order to prevent or end abuse of Human rights. |
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Definition
| Humanitarian Aide is an obligation not merely a right. |
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Definition
| States with capability and technology to build nuclear weapons but choose not to. (ie Japan Germany) |
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Term
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Definition
| One nation agrees to use their nuclear weapons in order to defend another nation from attack. |
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Term
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Definition
| Law needs to apply to all in an equal fashion. |
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Term
| Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) |
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Definition
| Signed in 1968 by 48 countries; now 187 Signitures. Prevent spread of Nuclear Weapons, Unsigned by India, Isreal and Pakistan. |
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Term
| International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) |
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Definition
| Monitors copliance with non-proliferation treaty. No enforcement; got to UN security council to report breaches/non compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| Spread of Nuclear Weapons caon Contribute to international Peace |
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Term
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Definition
| Spread of Nuclear Weapons is undesirable and should be prevented. |
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Term
| Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) |
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Definition
| Non-conventional weapons: Nuclear, chemical, biological and radiological weapons |
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Term
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Definition
| Nations start wars because they think they can win.Nuclear weapons are devastating and don't want to take the risk because the costs are greater than the benefits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase potential costs of war which decreases the chances for war. (war less likely with increase of costs) |
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Term
| Mutual Assured Destruction |
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Definition
| any use of nuclear weapons would inevitably entail one's own destruciton |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 classes of nations. 1. can have nuclear weapons 2. Can't have nuclear weapons. based off the term for white supremicy in South Africa. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attack meant to disarm a nation before they can use weapons |
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Definition
| Nation launches weapons on indicaton that is under attack. (not waiting for attack.) |
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| Use or threat of violce to advance social politiacl economic or religious objectives by creating fear. |
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| non state actors in activities across national boundaries |
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| Views terrorist attacks as actos of war and sssumes that pressure must be added to supporitve states. |
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Definition
| Views terrorist attacks as criminal acts. Use of international law/ organiations should be used to get to root of terrorism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Civilization conflicts based on competing social and political values are replacing tradtional national conflicts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Predicted population would outstrip increase of food suply. (Food increase arithmatically while popluation growth is gemotrically.) |
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Definition
| supply can be increased within meaningful time frame. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resource limited off finite resources which cannot be relpaced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of years it would take for the given populatoin to double. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actors fail to restrain their use of resources |
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Term
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Definition
| Trainsition periods of population growth followed by a leveling off of poplulation |
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Term
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Definition
| If their is a carry capacity we are no where near it. |
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Definition
| World is reaching Carrying Capacity |
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