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| Area of study that concerns the relations among diff. actors in the world, the characteristics of those relations and their consequences. |
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| Alternative interpretations of how international relations work, why actors do what they do, and what underlying factors govern relationships in global politics. |
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| A theoretical perspective for understanding international relations that emphasizes states as the most impt. actor in global politics, the anarchical nature of the international system, and the pursuit of power to secure states' interests. Also known as "Realpolitik", or power politics. |
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| Greek historian who wrote about Peloponnesian Wars btw athens and sparta: described actions btw two in a realist approach. |
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| Considered the father of modern realist thought with his work "Politics Among Nations", first published shortly after WwII |
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| Governments that have legal sovereignty ovr a defined territory. |
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| The legal notion that states are the ultimate authority over their territory and no other actor in the international system has the right to interfere in the states' international affairs. |
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| According to realism, a defining feature of the international system wherein there is no overarching political authority or world gov't; diff from "chaos" or "disorder" |
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| A theoretical perspective emphasizing interdependence btw states and substate actors as the key characteristic of the international system. |
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| The condition in which states and their fortunes are connected to each other. |
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| The dominant feature of global politics according to liberalism. Complex interdependence has three specific components; Multiple channels, multiple issues, and the decline in the use of and effectiveness of military force. |
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| Global actors, such as nongovernmental organizations, multinational corporations, intergovernmental organizations, and private organizations, that operate across borders and share the world stage with states. |
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| Multinational Corporation |
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| Large companies doing business globally, which may have plants and factories in more then one state, or have investments in more than one state. |
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| nongovernmental organizations |
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| transnational, private organizations that have members and activities across state borders. |
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| intergovernmental organizations |
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| actors whose members are states, such as the United Nations, the organization of american states, and the north atlantic treaty organization. |
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| Actors within a state that interact with others outside the state, such as local business that import goods from abroad and provincial governments that establish trade mission in other countries. |
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| the 19th century philosophy that stressed the importance of the individual and democratic political system. |
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| a theoretical perspective, in contrast to realism, that focuses on the importance of morality and values in international relations. |
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| world economic system analysis |
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| a theoretical perspective that focuses on the international system of capitalism and the global competition among economic classes. |
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| Countries where the most advanced economic activities take place and wealth is concentrated. |
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| Countries in which the less advanced economic activities occur and wealth is scarce. |
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| The dominant mode of economic production today, in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed in a free market for profit. |
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| The domination of a population and territory by another state. The European imperial powers established colonies throughout the world from 16th to early 20th century. |
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| A theoretical perspective arguing that after the colonized areas became independent, the core continued to exploit the periphery through neo-imperialsim-not outright occupation of areas but through indirect domination. |
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| A theoretical perspective that proposes that the physical world is much less important than the social world and that important aspects of global politics are socially "constructed" through systems of norms, beliefs, and discourse. |
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| socially agreed-upon standards and expectations about appropriate behaviors of states. |
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| Perspective that rejects the idea of universal truth, instead arguing that gender and the way gender is defined colors different understandings in world politics. |
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| idea that women are inherently different from men in ways that make their contributions to politics differ greatly. |
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| Perspective that stresses the similarities btw men and women and the entitlement for women to the same rights and responsibilities that men have. |
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| Formed between the first and sixth centuries B.C.E a group of towns and or small city governed by a variety of types of political systems including small oligarchies of the rich, military dictatorships, and limited democracy. |
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| Large political units in which the ultimate power rested in the hands of the emperor or the imperial central power. |
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| a principal that implies it is dangerous for all states to allow any other state to become too powerful |
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| the identification of ppl to a social community that is often based on shared language ethnicity and/or religion |
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| a meeting between the leaders of the great powers, following Napoleon's defeat in 1815, which resulted in agreements designed to restore stability and solidify the notion of sovereignty |
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| the 19th century period of relative peace with no major conflict btw the primary powers |
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| the alliance btw germany, austria-hungary, and italy |
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| alliance btw Britain, france, and russia |
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| national self determination |
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| the principal that a community that id's itself as a nation has the right to form a state of govern itself |
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| agreement signed that officially ended WWI and established terms for Germany's punishment (war guilt clause exc.) |
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| Britain and France pretty much agree to let Germany take over Czech |
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| agreement btw germany and the soviet union to have non-agression toward one another |
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| when most power in the international system is divded btw two states |
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| meeting of roosevelt, stalin, and churchill to discuss future of eastern europe |
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| north atlantic treaty org. military alliance btw U.S and west european states |
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| coined by churchill referring to cold war division of Europe!!! |
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| military alliance established btw soviet union and east european states |
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| U.S. foreign policy strategy instituted after WWII to prevent soviet expansion. |
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| aid package to war-torn Western Europe designed to strengthen the area's economies and prevent communist parties from coming to power |
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| process by which colonies became independent of imperial powers |
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| cold war term for states not directly part of U.S. led or soviet led alliance |
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| conflict in which Israel occupied territories previously controlled by surrounding Arab states |
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| conflicts in which the U.S. and soviet supported opposing sides |
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| a balance of nuclear capabilities |
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| period of relaxed tensions btw U.S and soviets during Cold War |
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| Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty agreement btw U.S. and soviet union to dismantle a whole category of nuclear weapons |
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| Soviet leader who initiated political, economic, and foreign policy reforms, leading to end of soviet union and cold war |
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| Russian term referring to Gorbachev's restructuring of the economy |
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| term referring to Gorbachev's political reforms for greater openness |
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| term used by U.S. president George H. W. Bush to describe the new political structure of the world at the end of the cold war |
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| unstable countries with no clear functioning gov't |
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| spread of nuclear weapons into the hands of more actors |
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| set of policies proposed by U.S. President George W. Bush emphasizing unilateralism, preemption, and military strength |
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| economic, political, and cultural integration across state borders |
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| intergovernmental organization dealing with the rules of trade between states |
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| assumptions that states are monolithic, with no divisions or opinion differences within gov't or the larger society. |
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| the approach to understanding international politics that focuses on how domestic actors seek to influence states' actions and the ways in which foreign policy is made |
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| the idea that individuals make decisions through a process that includes clarification of goals, weighing of alternatives and consequences, and selection of optimal course of action. |
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| focuses on leaders beliefs, personalities, and styles, and how individuals and groups process info and make decisions. |
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| the attitudes that ppl have regarding their state's goals and policies. |
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| the ppl who attend to and are knowledgeable about foreign policy issues and international politics. |
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| the underlying beliefs that the public holds and uses to judge foreign policy |
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| rally-round-the-flag effect |
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| an increase in a leaders popularity following the use of force |
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| the negative relationship btw high levels of troop casualties and public support for a war |
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| an impt power that can be used by the U.S. president to to speed up the process and decrease Congressional influences on key trade legislation. |
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| the final step necessary for a state to approve international agreements |
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| military industrial complex |
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| network of defense contractors, the military, and government agencies that may work together to promote military spending and other policies from which they benefit |
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| a freeing up of government revenue to be spent on other programs or returned to taxpayers rather than spending it on the military |
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| the idea that political leaders attempt to divert attention away from internal conflicts by initiating foreign conflict. Also referred to as the scapegoat hypothesis and the wag-the -dog effect. |
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| dual pressure on leaders whereby international agreements can be forged only when they meet the concerns of both domestic and international audiences |
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| the mission of each bureaucratic agency, which may influence now it views the world and the foreign policies it prefers. |
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| compromises caused by bureacratic conflict that are not necessarily in the best interests of the state's foreign policy |
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| standard operating procedures |
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| Prearranged responses or routines used frequently by bureaucracies |
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| An approach to leaders that traces individuals' beliefs back to early childhood experiences |
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| the beliefs of political leaders about the nature of the political universe and the means for dealing with others in politics |
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| set of beliefs or perceptions that leaders have about another country regarding its capabilities, motivations, political system, and culture |
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| belief that another country is inherently threatening and immoral. |
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| beliefs that a current situation, event, or leader is very similar to something or someone from the past. |
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| cognitive consistency theories |
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| psychology theories that suggest humans seek out and attend to information that is consistent with the beliefs that they already hold. |
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| leaders' work habits, how they relate to those around them, how they like to receive info, and how they make up their minds. |
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| excessive concurrence seeking that can occur in small, highly cohesive groups |
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