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| a collective goods dilemna that is created when common environmental assets (such as the world's fisheries) are depleted or degraded through the failure of states to cooperate effectively. |
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| the splitting of a common area or good into privately owned pieces, giving individual owners an incentive to manage resources responsibility |
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| transnational communities of experts who help structure the way states manage environmental and other issues |
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| the limits of the planetary ecosystem's ability to absorb continual growth of population, industry, energy use, and extraction of natural reources |
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| Commission on Sustainable Development |
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| An organization established at the 1992 UN Earth Summit that monitors states' compliance with their promises and hears evidence from environmental NGOs |
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| A slow, long-term rise in the average world temperature caused by the emission of greenhouse gases produced by burning fossil fuels--oil, coal, and natural gas |
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| Oil, coal, and natural gas, burnt to run factories, cars, tractors, furnaces, electirlca generating plants, and other things that drive an industrial economy |
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| carbon dioxide and other gases that, when concentrated in the atmosphere, act ike the glass in a greenhouse, holding energy in and leading to global warming |
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| UNEP (UN Environment Program) |
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| montiros environmental conditions and, among other activiities, works with the World Meteorological Organization to measure changes in global climate |
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| the part of the atmosphere that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. Certain chemcials used in industrial economies break the ozone layer down |
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| An agreement on protection of the ozone layer in which states pledged to reduce and then eliminate use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). It is the most successful environmental treaty to date. |
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| the tremendous diversity of plant and animal species making up the earth's (global, regional, and local) ecosystems |
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| International Whaling Commission |
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| An IGO that sets quotas for hunting certain whale species; states' participation is voluntary |
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| the portion of the oceans considered common territory, not under any kind of exclusive state jurisdiction |
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UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
(UNCLOS) |
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| A world treaty governing use of oceans. It established rules on territorial waters and a 200-mile exclusive economic zone |
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| One of the first multilateral treaties concerning the encironment, it forbids military activity in Antartica as well as the presence of nuclear weapons or the dumping of nuclear waste there, sets aside territorial claims on the continent for future resolution, and establishes a regime for the conduct of scientific research |
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| caused by air pollution, it damages trees and often crosses borders. |
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| A city in Ukraine that was the site ofa 1986 meltdown at a Soviet nuclear power plant |
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| the two sharp rises in the world price of oil that occurred in the 1973-74 and 1979 |
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| the pattern of falling death rates, followed by falling birthrates, that generally accompanies industrialization and economic development |
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| a government policy that encourages or forces childbearing, and outlaws or limits access to contraception |
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| the proportion of babies who die within their first year of life |
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