Term
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Definition
| the legal process of deciding an issue through the courts |
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Definition
| negotiations between two countries |
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Definition
| a group of states that willingly enter into an alliance to form a political unit for a common purpose (highly interdependent, but states still maintain sovereignty) |
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Definition
| the aging of a population, with the median age and the percentage of people who reach retirement age increasing |
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Term
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Definition
| persuading an opponent not to attack by having enough forces to disable the attack and/or launch a punishing counterattack |
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| economically developed countries (EDCs) |
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Definition
| an industrialized country mainly found in the northern hemisphere |
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Definition
| a federal government; this power-sharing governance structure is one in which the central authority and the member units each have substantial authority |
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Definition
| international cooperation in specific areas such as communications, trade, travel, health, or environmental protection activity. (WHO) |
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Definition
| a measure of income within a country that excludes foreign earnings |
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Definition
| assets that can be used negatively as a threat or a sanction, or positively as an inducement by one country to shape the behavior of another |
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Term
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Definition
| the close interrelationship and mutual dependence of two or more domestic economies on each other |
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Term
| intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) |
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Definition
| international/transnational actors that are composed of member-countries |
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Term
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Definition
| a governmental arrangement in which the centralized government is mostly symbolic and has little or no functional authority |
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Term
| less developed countries (LCDs) |
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Definition
| countries, located mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, with economies that rely heavily on the production of agriculture and raw materials. GDP per capita and standard of living are below that of the West |
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Term
| limited membership council |
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Definition
| a representative organization body of the UN that grants special status to members who have a greater stake, responsibility, or capacity in a particular area of concern. eg. UN Security Council |
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Term
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Definition
| a system used to determine how votes should count. idea of sovereign equality and that the democratic notion that the will of the majority should prevail. Two main components 1) each member casts one equal vote 2) need a simple majority or extraordinary majority (50% +1 or 2/3 vote) |
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Term
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Definition
| negotiations between three or more countries |
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Term
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Definition
| taking important international actions, especially those using military force, within the framework of a multilateral organization, such as the UN |
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Term
| mutual assured destruction (MAD) |
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Definition
| each nuclear superpower has the capability of launching a devastating nuclear second strike even after an enemy has attacked. the belief is that a MAD capacity prevents nuclear war, deterrence by punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| the top-down approach to solving world problems |
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Term
| newly industrializing countries (NICs) |
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Definition
| LDCs whose economies and whose trade now include significant amounts of manufactured goods. ahead of LDCs. |
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Term
| nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) |
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Definition
| international organizations with private memberships |
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Term
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Definition
| debate and voting international organizations to settle diplomatic issues |
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Term
| plenary representative body |
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Definition
| an assembly, such as the UN's general assembly, that consists of all members of the main organization |
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Term
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Definition
| the totality of a country's international capabilities. |
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Term
| purchasing power parity (PPP) |
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Definition
| a measure of the relative purchasing power of different currencies. it is measured by the price of the same goods in different countries, translated by the exchange rate against a base currency (USD) |
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Term
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Definition
| the administrative organ of the UN, heading by the secretary-general. In general, the administrative element of any IGO |
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Term
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Definition
| traits of a country that attract other countries to emulate it or otherwise follow its lead through the power of example |
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Term
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Definition
| the most essential characteristic of an international state. implies political independence from any higher authority, and suggests equality (between states) |
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Term
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Definition
| theoretical time in human history when people lived independently or in family groups and there were no societies of nonrelated individuals or governments |
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Term
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Definition
| voting formula that required a 2/3 vote or some other fraction |
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Term
| transnational advocacy networks (TANs) |
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Definition
| IGOs, NGOs, and national organization that are based on shared values or common interests and exchange information and services |
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Term
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Definition
| system used to determine how votes shold count. in order for a vote to be valid, all members must agree to the proposed measure. abstention from a vote may or may not block an agreement |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a single country, perhaps leading a small coalition of other countries, takes an important international action, such as using force, without the approval of an IGO |
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Term
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Definition
| a negative vote cast in the UN Security Council by one of the 5 permanent members |
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Term
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Definition
| system used in which votes count more or less depending on criterion (population, wealth, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| the willingness of a country to use its power capacity to influence global events |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of others, "they-groups" |
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