International marketing 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)        

GDP= G + S +FI

The total market value of all final goods andservices produced in a country in a given year, equal to total consumer, investment and government spending,plus the value of exports, minus the value of imports. 

Particular market segment at which a marketing campaign is focused.

Call it a target market b/c we segmented them
-Not all segments are marketable

-And chose to direct our efforts towards

International Trade Percentage

Market Segment (qualifications)

Foreign uncontrollables

Controllable elements                

Domestic uncontrollables

Uncontrollable elements

Marketing relativism

Self-reference criterion (SRC) 

Ethnocentric

Polycentric

Regiocentric

Geocentric

Adaptation

Environmental Adjustment

•Occupants

•Objects

•Occasions

•Objectives

•Outlets

•Organization

•Operations

•Opposition

The importance of World Trade

Defining a market opportunity

Target Market Selections (8 O’s)

Cross Cultural Analysis

Requirements of Global Awareness

Stages of International Involvement

International Marketing Concepts

Pax Romana

European Feudalism

Smoot-Hawley Act of 1930

Marshall Plan 1947

GATT Agreement 1947

NIC (Newly Industrialized Country)

SOE (State-owned enterprise)

Balance of payments

Current Account:

Capital Account:

Official Reserves Account:

Balance of trade (Favorable vs. unfavorable)

Protectionism

Tariff                                                                      
Voluntary export restraint (VER)
Quotas                                                
Voluntary Export Restraint
Embargoes                                        
Antidumping
Boycotts                                        
Monetary Barriers
Standards                                        
Local -content
Blocked Currency                                
Differential Exchange Rate

Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988

WTO 

GATS                                              
TRIMS                                                
TRIPS

(IMF)        International Monetary Fund 

Special Drawing Rights        

World Bank  

Int’l Bank of Reconstruction and Dev’l
Int’l Devlp Assoc.
Int’l Finance Corporation
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
Int’l Center for Settlement of Institutional Disputes

Customs Union

Multinational Corporation

Department of Commerce

International Trade Administration

Market

Culture 

Homogeneity

National Skill

Social Representation

Factual Knowledge

Interpretive Knowledge

Ethnocentrism

Enculturation

Cultural Borrowing

Acculturation

Cultural Context

Family

Imitation (modeling)

Utilitarianism

Customs

Low Context

High Context

Language (verbal. Non-verbal)

Idiomatic Meanings

Time 

Space 

(Physical; Abstract; Personalization vs. Depersonalization)

Monochronic Time

Polychronic Time

Gender Bias

Kinship Relationships

Social Stratification

Reference Groups

Religion

Infrastructure

Technology

Cultural Convergence

Aesthetics

Business Ethics

Bribery

Extortion

Subornation

Lubrication

Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 

Physical Barriers

Climate/Geography

Topography

Altitude

Natural resources

Population

Necessity to understand culture in International Marketing

Products are culturally bound

Cultural Change

McDonaldization and Modern Culture

Origins, elements

Hofstede’s Cultural Values