Term
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Definition
| selling the same product, at the same price, with the same promotional tools, in a different place |
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Term
| Export marketing involves: |
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Definition
| tailoring the marketing mix to international customers |
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Term
| What are some potential export problems? |
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Definition
| logistics, legal procedure, servicing exports, sales promotion foreign market intelligence |
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Term
| The top 2008 US apparel market by exporting country are: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some government programs that support export? |
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Definition
| Tax incentives, subsidies, governmental assistance, free trade zone |
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Term
| What are some government actions to discourage imports and block market access? |
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Definition
| tariffs(rules, rates & regulations), import controls, nontariff barriers(NTB) like quotas, discriminatory procurement policy, arbitrary monetary policies, restrictive regulations |
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Term
| Tariff system (single-column tariff) |
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Definition
| simplest type of tariff, schedule of duties in which rate applies to imports from all countries on the same basis |
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Term
| Tariff system (two-column tariff) |
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Definition
| general duties plus special duties apply |
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Term
| Customs duties-ad valorem duty |
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Definition
| expressed as percentage of value of goods |
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Term
| Customs duties-specific duty |
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Definition
| expressed as specific amount of currency per unit of weight, volume, length, or other units of measurement |
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Term
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Definition
| apply both ad valorem and specific on the same items |
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Term
| What is anti-dumping duties |
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Definition
| dumping is the same of merchandise in export markets at unfair prices. Special import charges equal to the dumping margin |
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Term
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Definition
| as a part time activity performed by domestic employees, through an export partner or department or through an export department w/in an international division |
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Term
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Definition
| operates on behalf of the buyer, acts as the principal |
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Term
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Definition
| brings the buyer and seller together. no title or responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
| aka Jobber. seeks out market opportunities in one country and then fins the goods to sell from another country, i.e. apparel |
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Term
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Definition
| independent intermediary who acts as exporty department for 2 or more manufacturers to export. distributes, purchases and resells goods |
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Term
| manufacturer's export agent |
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Definition
| can act as export distributor but no export department and limited number countries |
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Term
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Definition
| assumes money risk, represents multi-manufacturers, has exclusivity, commission pay |
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Term
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Definition
| no money risk, markets defined by manufacturer, works with multi-accounts |
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Term
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Definition
| "MOTHER HEN" part of another manufacturer and represents others |
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Term
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Definition
| logistical specialists aka travel agents for freight |
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Term
| factors that affect sourcing |
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Definition
| management vision, factor costs and conditions, customer needs, logistics, country infrastructure, political risk, exchange rate, availability and convertibility of local money |
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Term
| Direct market representation |
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Definition
| adv-control and communications |
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Term
| independent intermediaries representation |
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Definition
| adv-best for situations with small sales volume |
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Term
| how to pick what strategy should be used? |
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Definition
| it depends on vision, attitude toward risk, available investment capital, how much control is desired |
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Term
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Definition
| a contractual agreement whereby one company (the licensor) makes an asset available to another company (the licensee) in exhange for royalties, license fees, or some other form of compensation |
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Term
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Definition
| provides additional profitability w/ little initial investment, provides mehto of circmventing tariffs, quotas and other export barriers, attractive ROI, low costs to implement with minimal risk |
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Term
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Definition
| limited participation, return from marketing may be lost, lack of control, licensee may become competitor, licensee may exploit company resources |
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Term
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Definition
| company provides technical specifications to a subcontractor or local manufacturer, allow company to specialize in product design while contractors accept responsiblitity for manufacturing facilities |
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Term
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Definition
| contract between a parent company-franchisor and a franchisee that allows the franchisee to operate a business developed by the |
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Term
| top target countries for US investment |
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Definition
| United Kingdom, Canada, The Netherlands |
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Term
| Top foreign countries investing in the US |
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Definition
| United Kingdom, Japan, The Netherlands |
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Term
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Definition
| partial or full ownership of operations outside of home country |
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Term
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Definition
| entry strategy for a single target country in which the partners share ownership of a newly created business entity; usually consists of one local partner and one foreign partner |
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Term
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Definition
| share risk, opportunity to achieve synergy, maybe only way to enter market |
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Term
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Definition
| requires more investment than licensing, must share rewards, requires strong coordination, potential conflict, partner may become competitor |
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Term
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Definition
| going out into a green field and building a new plant from scratch |
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Term
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Definition
| going from a dirty business(coal, chemicals) to a clean business |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are other possible terms for global strategic partnerships (GSP) |
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Definition
| collaborative agreements, strategic alliances, strategic international alliances, global strategic partnerships |
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Term
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Definition
| a linkages between companies from different countries to jointly pursue a common goal |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more companies develop a joint long-term strategy, relationship is reciprocal, partners' vision and efforts are global, relationship is horizontal lines, participants retain national and ideological identities |
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Term
| Success factors of GSP-mission |
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Definition
| successful GSPs create win-win situations, where participants pursue objectives on the basis of mutual need or advantage |
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Term
| Success factors of GSP-strategy |
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Definition
| strategy must be thought out up front to avoid conflicts |
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Term
| Success factors of GSP-governance |
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Definition
| discussion and consensus must be the norms. partners must be viewed as equals |
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Term
| Success factors of GSP-culture |
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Definition
| personal chemistry and shared sets of values |
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Term
| Success factors of GSP-organization |
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Definition
| innovative structures and designes to offset the complexity of multi-country mgmnt |
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Term
| Success factors of GSP-management- |
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Definition
| divisive issues need to be identified in advance, unitary lines of authority must be clear |
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Term
| what are 4 common problem areas with alliances with asian competitors |
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Definition
| each partner had a different dream, each must contribute to the alliance and degree that justifies the alliance, differences in mgmt philosophy, expectations and approaches, no corporate memory |
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Term
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Definition
| large entities that come together (families) and work together to keep business in family |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of dozens of companies, centered around a bank or holding company, and dominated by a founding family |
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Term
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Definition
| inter-business alliance or enterprise groups in which business families join together to fight for market share. "cartels that have gov't blessings" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consists of supply and distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of dozens of companies centered around a bank or holding company, and dominated by a founding family |
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Term
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Definition
| alliances between companies in several industries that are undergoing transformation and convergence |
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Term
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Definition
| grouping of firms in different industries and countries held together by common goals to encourage them to act as a single firm |
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Term
| country and market concentration |
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Definition
| targeting a limited number of customer segments in a few countries |
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Term
| country concentration and market diversification |
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Definition
| serves many markets in a few countries |
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Term
| country diversification and market concentration |
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Definition
| company seeks out world market for product |
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Term
| country and market diversification |
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Definition
| corporate strategy of a global, multi-business company |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tangible vs. intangible attributes |
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Definition
| tangible are physical while intangible are not, such as status or a company's reputation |
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of images and experiences in the customer's mind, a promise made by a particular company about a particular product, DIFFERENTIATION between competing products |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of impressions about a brand |
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Term
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Definition
| the added value that accrues to a product as a result of investments in the marketing of the brand; an asset that represents the value created by the relationship between the brand and customer over time |
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Term
| what determines brand equity? |
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Definition
| user loyalty, awareness, market share, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| brands that have achieved success in a single national market, represent the lifeblood of domestic companies, entrenched local products/brands can be a significant competitive hurdle to global companies |
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Term
| international products/brands |
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Definition
| offered in several markets in a particular region |
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Term
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Definition
| meet the wants and needs of the global market and are offered in all world regions |
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Term
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Definition
| have the same name and similar image and positioning throughout the worlds |
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Term
| combination or tiered branding |
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Definition
| allows marketers to leverage a company's reputation while developing a distinctive identity for a line of products. Combine corporate name with a product brand |
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Term
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Definition
| features two or more different companies or product brands in product packaging or advertising (coke and nutrasweet) |
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Term
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Definition
| brand acts as an umbrella for new products |
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Term
| Malow's hierarchy of needs |
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Definition
| (bottom-to-top) physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization |
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Term
| Worlds most valuable brands, 2010 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (botom-to-top) physiological, safety, affiliation, admiration, status |
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Term
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Definition
| offering a product virtually unchanged in markets outside of home country |
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Term
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Definition
| changing elements of design, function, and packaging according to needs of different country markets |
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Term
| product creation/invention |
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Definition
| developing new products for the world market |
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Term
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Definition
| product and message that is newly created, important for reaching mass markets in less industrialized nations and certain segment industrialized countries |
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Term
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Definition
| not invented here - syndrome means managers ignore the advancements of subsidiaries overseas |
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Term
| An error in choosing a strategy |
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Definition
| managers impose policies upon subsidiaries because they assume what is right for customers in one market is right in every market |
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Term
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Definition
| consider the product, the market and the cost |
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Term
| when to test a new product |
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Definition
| whenever a product interacts with human mechanical, or chemical elements b/c there is the potential for a surprising and unexpected incompatibility |
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Term
| how to test a new product |
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Definition
| could simply be observing the product being used within the market. |
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