Term
| Direct Transmission (person-to-person) |
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Definition
lesions, blood, body fluid, coughes, sneezes, breathes.
Sexual contact, fecal-oral contact through a portal of entry |
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Term
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Definition
Pathogen is suspended in air
(Influenza, SARS, TB) |
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Definition
spread by insect vectors (mosquitoes, sand flies, ticks, etc.)
Malaria, Lyme Disease, dengue fever |
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Term
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Definition
Viruses spread by arthropods (insects & arachnids)
Yellow Fever, dengue fever |
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Term
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Definition
Spread through inanimate objects like food, water, and othe non-living objects.
Cholera, Hepatitis A |
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Term
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Definition
| Infectious diseases that usually occur in animals and only occasionally infect humans |
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Term
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Definition
| Microscopic, one-celed organisms that come in several shapes (rods, spheres, spirals) |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic organisms that survive by living off of a host |
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Definition
| Endoparasitic worms that live inside the body of the host |
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Definition
| animals that live outside the body |
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Definition
molds/yeasts
(vaginal yeast infections, diaper rash, ringworm, athlete's foot) |
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Definition
| "proteinaceious infectious particles" cause degenerative nervous system diseases and wasting diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a time period divided by the total number of people at risk of disease in that time period. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of total existing cases - both newly diagnosed before the start of the time period divided by the total number of people at risk of disease during the specified time. |
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Term
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Definition
| disease that is always present in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| When a disease is occurring more often than usual |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| acquired through breastmilk or immunoglobulin shots (lasts only a few months) |
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Term
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Definition
| Says that reducing the percentage of the population susceptible to an infection protects the whole population |
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Term
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Definition
Viral infection spread through blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk.
Virus destroys white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| syndrome that occurs as a result of the destruction of immune cells by the HIV virus |
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Term
| Opportunistic Infections (OI's) |
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Definition
only occurr when the body's immune system is weakened enough to give the infectious agents an opportunity to invade
Most common in LDC's (TB, diarrhea, etc) |
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Term
4 stages of HIV by WHO
PG. 151 |
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Definition
Stages 1&2- person is in latent stage which can last a few weeks to more than 20 years, is asymptomatic or has minor symptoms like skin infections
Stage 3 - more severe symptoms like the loss of more than 10% of body weight due to chronic diarrhea, respiratory infections, fevers, TB, mouth ulcers.
Stage 4 - serious infections with onset of AIDS, CD4 count drops below 200 particles |
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Term
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Definition
| Parasitic infection caused by one of 4 types of protozoa. Cause fevers, headaches, joint pain |
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Term
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Definition
Infection caused by bacteria and can affect any part of the body but usually occurs in the lungs. Spread through the air.
Treatment calls for DOTS |
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Term
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Definition
How diseases spread across the globe
(SARS) |
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Term
| Thirteen Risk Factors (p. 171) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory virus that causes the most deaths in the United States and other developed countries |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberate release of infectious agents that can cause illness and possibly death of people |
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Term
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Definition
| carbs, protein, fats, oils - provide energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Vitamins and minerals - small amounts |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in rice, maize, wheat, starchy foods, fruits, vegetables. Chains of sugars |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lipids of animal origin like butter and lard that are solid at room temperature |
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Definition
| lipids of plant origin like corn oil and olive oil that are liquids at room temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acids that provide long-term energy storage, insulation, protectiving padding, and assistance with nutrient absorption |
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Term
| About ____% to ____% of calories taken in over a day should be from healthy fats and oils |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the fact that the molecule is "saturated" with hydrogen, meaning that no more hydrogen can be added to it because only single bonds exist between carbon atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Help the body use energy and act as regulators.
Vitamins C,E,A are antioxidants that reduce free radicals |
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Term
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Definition
| help in building strong bones, transmitting nerve signals, and maintaining a normal heart rate |
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Term
| Blood is about _____% water |
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Definition
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Term
| An adult loses about ____ to ____ wuarts of water a day by urinating, sweating, and exhaling humidified air |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| malnutrition resulting from deficiencies in the amount of food or types of nutrients eaten or from poor absorption of nutrients that have been consumed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| swelling of the arms, legs and face, weak muscles, pale hair and skin, and an enlarged liver |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with very low weight, weakness, susceptibiliy to infections, and the eventual shutdown of body systems |
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Term
| Nearly _____ million children under 5 years of age are underweight |
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Definition
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Term
| Food is encriched when... |
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Definition
| some of the vitamins and minerals lost during processing are added back into the food |
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Term
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Definition
| has nurtrients that are not naturally present in the ingredients added to the product. |
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Term
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Definition
| fraction of the vitamin or mineral consumed that is able to be absorbed and used by the body |
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Term
| Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) |
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Definition
| most common cause of preventable blindness in children. Vitamin A supoorts the body's immune system in fighting infections |
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Term
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Definition
| most common cause of brain damage in the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Zinc is important for immune function, grwoth, and development of children. Primarily found in animal sources. |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
| body mass index. Often used to estimate body composition of adults. |
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Term
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Definition
| form of malnutrition caused by excessive intake of calories and nutrients. |
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Term
| The average person needs to consume about _____ kilocalories each day |
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Definition
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