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International Business - Chapter 5
Mike Peng and Klaus Meyer
35
Business
Post-Graduate
01/10/2014

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Term
Exporting
Definition
Selling abroad
Term
Importing
Definition
buying from abroad
Term
Trade deficit
Definition
An economic condition in which a nation imports more than it exports
Term
Trade surplus
Definition
An economic condition in which a nation exports more than it imports
Term
Balance of trade
Definition
The aggregation of importing and exporting that leads to the country level trade surplus or deficit
Term
Classical trade thoeries
Definition
The major theories of international trade that were advanced before the 20th century, which consists of mercantilism, absolute advantage and comparative advantage
Term
Modern trade theories
Definition
The major theories of international trade that were advanced in the 20th century, which consists of product life cycle, strategic trade and national competitive advantage
Term
Theory of mercantilism
Definition
A theory that holds the wealth of the world(measured in gold and silver) is fixed and that a nation that exports more and imports less would enjoy the net inflows of gold and silver and thus become richer
Term
Protectionism
Definition
The idea that governments should actively protect domestic industries from imports and vigorously promote exports
Term
Free trade
Definition
Trade uninhibited by trade barriers
Term
Theory of absolute advantage
Definition
A theory suggesting that under free trade, each nation gains by specialising in economic activities in which it has absolute advantage
Term
Absolute advantage
Definition
The economic advantage one nation enjoys that is absolute superior to other nations
Term
Theory of comparative advantage
Definition
A theory that focuses on the relative advantage in one economic activity that one nation enjoys in comparations with other nations
Term
Comparative advantage
Definition
Relative advantage in one economic activity that one nation enjoys
Term
Opportunity cost
Definition
Given the alternative, the cost of pursuing one activity at the expense of another activity
Term
Resource( factor) endowments
Definition
The extent to which different countries possess various resources such as labour and land and technology
Term
Factor endowment theory
Definition
A theory that suggests that nations will develop comparative advantage based on their locally abundant factors
Term
product life cycle theory
Definition
A theory that account for changes in patterns of trade over time by focusing on product life cycles
Term
Strategic trade theory
Definition
A theory suggests that strategic intervention by governments in certain industries can enhance their odds for international success
Term
First-mover advantage
Definition
Advantage that first entrants enjoy and do not share with late entrants
Term
Strategic trade policy
Definition
A trade policy that conditions or alters a strategic relationship between firms
Term
Theory of national competitive advantage of industries( or 'diamond' model)
Definition
A theory suggests that the competitive advantage of certain industries in different nations depends on four aspect that form a diamond
Term
Resource mobility
Definition
The ability to move resources from one part of a business to another
Term
Tariff barriers
Definition
Trade barriers that rely on tariffs to discourage imports
Term
Nontariff barriers
Definition
Trade barriers that rely on nontariffs means to discourage imports
Term
Import tariff
Definition
A tax imposed on imports
Term
Deadweight loss
Definition
Net losses that occur in an economy as the result of tariffs
Term
Subsidy
Definition
Goverment payment to domestic firm
Term
Import quota
Definition
Restrictions on the quantity of imports
Term
Voluntary exports restraint
Definition
An international agreement in which exporting countries voluntarily agree to restrict their exports
Term
Local content requirement
Definition
A requirement that a certain proportion of the value of the goods made in one country originate from that country
Term
Administrative practices
Definition
Bureaucratic rules that make it harder to import their foreign goods
Term
Anti dumping duty
Definition
Costs levied on imports that have been dumped (selling below costs to unfairly drive domestic firm out of business)
Term
Infant industry argument
Definition
The argument that temporary protection of young industries may help them to attain international competitiveness in the long run
Term
Trade embargo
Definition
Politically motivated trade sanctions against foreign countries to signal displeasure
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