Term
| What is the diagnostic FEV1/FVC ratio in COPD per GOLD guidelines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Miller Fisher syndrome? |
|
Definition
| A variant of Guillain-Barre that starts in the head, resulting in weakness of extraocular muscles and balance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Childhood illness- unstable gait, abnormal speech/social skills starting after first few months of development. |
|
|
Term
| What is fragile X syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Caused by decreased or absent levels of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) due to a loss-of-function mutation in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Caused by an unstable expansion of a trinucleotide (cytosine-guanine-guanine, CGG). |
|
|
Term
| Imaging of choice to diagnose MS? |
|
Definition
| MRI- ovoid lesions in white matter |
|
|
Term
| What are typical physical features of fragile x? |
|
Definition
| Long, narrow face, prominent forehead/chin, large ears, pale blue irises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having an artificial lens implanted after the natural eye lens has been removed |
|
|
Term
| What medication is indicated for absence seizures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis for ARDS? |
|
Definition
| Lung inflammation (MC due to pneumonia) triggers macrophages/neutrophils --> damage to endothelial cells --> fluid leakage into alveoli = NONCARDIOGENIC PULMONARY EDEMA |
|
|
Term
| Classic CXR/CT finding in ARDS? |
|
Definition
| Interstitial infiltrates/ground glass appearance |
|
|
Term
| Which antiseizure med can cause gingival hypertrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antiseizure med can cause weight loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antiseizure med can cause hair loss and easy bruising? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Muir-Torre syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Subtype of Lynch (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common organism responsible for pneumonia in young, healthy adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism are we concerned about with pneumonia in alcoholics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism is associated with pneumonia in people exposed to bats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do people under 65 w/ diabetes get PSV13 or PPSV23 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What etiology is commonly responsible for fine crackles? |
|
Definition
| Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| What are common causes of coarse crackles? |
|
Definition
| COPD, bronchiectasis, asthma (along w/ wheezing), pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Typical causes of pleural friction rub? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Boaerhaave syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Effort rupture of the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| What medication is administered following cardiac surgery to prevent post-cardiac injury syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What components comprise the qSOFA score for sepsis? |
|
Definition
1) Altered mental status
2) Systolic BP <100
3) RR > 22
Score of 2 or above is concerning |
|
|
Term
| what's the time limit to administer tpa in a stroke patient? |
|
Definition
| Up to 4.5hrs since onset of symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What type of crystals are negatively birefringent and needle-shaped: gout (MSU) or pseudogout (CPP)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated w/ a Ghon complex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is takayasu arteritis? |
|
Definition
| Granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its major branches |
|
|
Term
| What are key symptoms of Behcet's disease? |
|
Definition
| Mouth and genital sores that keep coming back; joint pain; uveitis |
|
|
Term
| What is a positive pathergy test? |
|
Definition
| Exaggerated skin injury following minor trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Corticosteroids (since it is due to inflammatory vasculitis) |
|
|
Term
| What antibiotic might you use for isospora/cyclospora diarrhea infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What antibiotic might you use for microsporidium diarrhea infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What antibiotic might you use for travelers' or bloody diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does IBS present with positive or negative fecal calprotectin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Sudan stain for stool? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small bowel follow-through: radiograph with barium contrast |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 categories of the SOFA score for sepsis? |
|
Definition
Respiration (PAO2/FiO2)
Coag (Platelets)
Liver (Bilirubin)
Kidneys (Crn)
Mentation (Glasgow coma scale)
BP |
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnostic limit of troponin levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defines septic shock? |
|
Definition
| SOFA sepsis + difficulty maintaining MAP >/=65 w/o vasopressors and lactate >/=2 |
|
|
Term
| Which cephalosporins have antipseudomonal activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is apical ballooning syndrome? |
|
Definition
| AKA Takotsubo cardiomyopathy- LV systolic dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery occlusion or plaque rupture. Typically transient and triggered by a physical or emotional stress |
|
|
Term
| What genetic disorders are associated w/ pheochromocytoma? |
|
Definition
| MEN2, NF (neurofibromatosis) type 1, VHL (von Hippel Landau) |
|
|
Term
| What meds do we start in patients with new-onset HF? |
|
Definition
| ACEi, diuretic, B-blocker |
|
|
Term
| What is Wegener's and some common clinical manifestations? |
|
Definition
| Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis- pulmonary infiltrates (hoarseness, cough, etc.), glomerulonephritis, ENT (runny nose, hearing loss) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Immunosuppression w/ corticosteroids plus rituximab or cyclophosphamide |
|
|
Term
| What are clinical manifestations of Kawasaki Disease (KD)? |
|
Definition
| Mucocutaneous lymph node disease predominantly affects children- fever plus: characteristic bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis, erythema of the lips and oral mucosa, rash, extremity changes, and cervical lymphadenopathy typically develop after a brief nonspecific prodrome of respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What is the underlying pathophys of KD? |
|
Definition
| Widespread inflammation of medium-sized muscular arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are possible adverse effects of IVIG? |
|
Definition
| Hemolytic anemia, aseptic meningitis, transmission of bloodborne pathogens |
|
|
Term
| What are sequestra in osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| Pieces of necrotic bone that fracture off from viable bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common organism implicated in hematogenous osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common sites of hematogenous OM in adults vs children? |
|
Definition
Adults- vertebrae followed by sternoclavicular/pelvis
Children- appendicular long bones |
|
|
Term
| What is a Brodie abscess? |
|
Definition
| a region of suppuration and necrosis encapsulated by granulation tissue within a rim of sclerotic bone. |
|
|
Term
| MC organisms implicated in sickle cell OM? |
|
Definition
| Gram-negative, such as salmonella and e. coli |
|
|
Term
| What is empiric abx therapy for OM? |
|
Definition
| Vanco plus 3rd or 4th-gen ceph (ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftazadime) |
|
|
Term
| Which type of CXR film casts a heart shadow and should be avoided? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three MC causes of pleural effusion? |
|
Definition
| Heart failure, pneumonia, malignancy |
|
|
Term
| What supplementary action is provided by adding clavulanate to amoxicillin? |
|
Definition
| Beta lactamase inhibition |
|
|
Term
| What are the antipseudomonal penicillins? |
|
Definition
| Piperacillin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin |
|
|
Term
| What beta lactam abx can be given to a pt with type I hypersensitivity to penicillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st gen cephs coverage and examples? |
|
Definition
Ancef, keflex- cover staph for skin
Surgery prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
| 2nd gen cephs indication and examples? |
|
Definition
| Cefotetan, cefoxitin- URI, PID (for B. fragilis) |
|
|
Term
| 3rd gen cephs- indications & examples? |
|
Definition
| Ceftriaxone, ceftazadime- anti-pseudomonal, good CNS penetration (pneumonia, meningitis) |
|
|
Term
| Which ceph has a risk of developing gallstones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some PE tests to evaluate piriformis syndrome? |
|
Definition
Freiburg test (hip in extension/internal rotation, pain upon resistance of external rotation)
Pace test (seated, pain upon resisted abduction/external rotation) |
|
|
Term
| What is the wallet sign and what disorder is it associated with? |
|
Definition
| Male patient can no longer sit on their wallet w/o pain (may indicate piriformis syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| What benefit is conferred by adding cilastatin to imipenem? |
|
Definition
| Prevents imipenem breakdown by the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Which abx is associated w/ gray baby syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binds to ribosomal 50S subunit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binds to ribosomal 30S subunit |
|
|
Term
| What's the drug of choice for brain abscess? |
|
Definition
| Chloramphenicol (good penetration of CNS) |
|
|
Term
| Which is longer-acting: doxy or tetracycline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of choice for chlamydia infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice to cover pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What antibiotics should not be taken w/ dairy? |
|
Definition
| Tetracyclines & fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| What antibiotics should not be taken w/ dairy? |
|
Definition
| Tetracyclines & fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| Can fluoroquinolones be administered <18y.o? |
|
Definition
| No due to cartilage damage (except cipro) |
|
|
Term
| Sulfa drugs plus hypoglycemic agents? |
|
Definition
| Can potentiate hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
| Sulfa drugs plus thiazides? |
|
Definition
| Thrombocytopenia and bruising |
|
|
Term
| What drug is often used in prophylactic UTI therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| Indication for pyrazinamide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which TB drug causes optic neuropathy? |
|
Definition
| Ethambutol- alters color vision |
|
|
Term
| Which antiviral agent should you use in pts w/ asthma? |
|
Definition
| Oseltamavir (since zanamavir can cause bronchospasm) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for small bowel obstruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are MC sites of volvulus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to pass gas or stool |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical picture of a pt w/ acute SB obstruction? |
|
Definition
| N/V, crampy periumbilical paroxysmal pain, abdominal distention |
|
|
Term
| With what type of malignancy is Necrolytic Migratory Erythema associated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common organisms causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)? |
|
Definition
| E. coli, streptococcus, klebsiella pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| What antibiotic therapy is used empirically in pts w/ SBP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of Hesselbach's triangle? |
|
Definition
| Direct inguinal hernias protrude here |
|
|
Term
| What are the borders of Hesselbach's triangle? |
|
Definition
| Inguinal ligament inferiorly, inferior epigastric vessels laterally, rectus abdominis muscle medially |
|
|
Term
| Do indirect inguinal hernias develop more frequently on the right or the left? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are femoral hernias more common in men or women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gastric bezoar formed from persimmon fruit |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of bezoar? |
|
Definition
| Phytobezoar (composed of vegetable matter) |
|
|
Term
| What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Genetic abnormality in tumor suppressor gene --> hamartomatous GI polyps (may present w/ GI bleeding) with mucocutaneous pigmented macules (MC oral mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| what is the ligament of treitz? |
|
Definition
| suspensory ligament of duodenum connecting it to diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Narrowing of duodenum due to compression of angle between superior MA and aorta due to loss of intervening mesenteric artery fat pad |
|
|
Term
| What are risk factors for superior mesenteric artery syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Extreme weight loss due to malignancy or aids most commonly |
|
|
Term
| Empiric therapy for community-acquired pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Rust-colored sputum is associated with what type of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is associated with optic neuritis: MS or Guillain Barre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Auer rods are associated with what type of leukemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotic of choice for campylobacter diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cold-reacting antibodies, such as that seen with Mycoplasma infection, affect which type of immunoglobulin antibody? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC cause of ring-enhancing lesions on CT in pts with HIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Empirical tx for possible toxoplasmosis? |
|
Definition
| sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, and leukovorin |
|
|
Term
| Empirical tx for possible histoplasmosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the flutamide MOA? |
|
Definition
| Blocks androgen receptors |
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of painful thyroiditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause of hyperthyroidism in subacute thyroiditis? |
|
Definition
| Destruction of thyroid follicular cells --> release of stored thyroglobulin --> increased T3/T4 levels with low TSH and decreased radioiodine uptake |
|
|
Term
| MC organisms in infectious thyroiditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid levels in infectious thyroiditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does painless thyroiditis present w/ hyper or hypothyroid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common drugs that induce thyroiditis? |
|
Definition
| Amiodarone, lithium, interferon alpha, interleukin-2 |
|
|
Term
| What organism MC causes enteric fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentation of enteric fever? |
|
Definition
| Abdominal pain, fever, chills, may have salmon spots rash |
|
|
Term
| Empiric antibiotic of choice for enteric fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What artery is likely involved in stroke if there is leg weakness: anterior cerebral, posterior cerebral, middle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC leukemia in Western countries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of leukemia is associated w/ the philadelphia chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Leser-Trelat sign? |
|
Definition
| Sudden eruption of SKs, associated w/ malignancy |
|
|
Term
| MC site of extrahepatic metastases from heptocellular carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the go-to blood test for HCC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Braden score assess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA and application for precedex? |
|
Definition
| Alpha-2-agonist used for sedation in alcohol w/drawal |
|
|
Term
| What do ringed sideroblasts on peripheral smear indicate? |
|
Definition
| Abnormal accumulation of iron in the mitochondria around the nucleus of erythroid precursors |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are MC associated w/ sideroblastic anemia? |
|
Definition
| Isoniazid, chloramphenicol, linezolid |
|
|
Term
| What does a Howell-Jolly body represent? |
|
Definition
| Spleen dysfunction (not clearing damaged RBCs from circulation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red cell Distribution Width- variation in size of RBCs (may be elevated in iron deficiency anemia) |
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of Heinz bodies on peripheral smear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classic sign of b12 deficiency on peripheral smear? |
|
Definition
| hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| What are you assessing when you measure methylmalonic acid? |
|
Definition
| b12 (bc b12 is required to metabolize it) |
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia is present in multiple myeloma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is rouleaux formation on peripheral smear? |
|
Definition
| RBCs look like stack of coins- may be seen in MM |
|
|
Term
| What is G6PD and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| RBC enzyme, generates NADH and protects them from oxidative damage |
|
|
Term
| What is the inheritance pattern for G6PD deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of food MC triggers hemolysis in pts w/ G6PD deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is associated with neurological symptoms: b12 or folate deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is associated w/ angular cheilitis: b12 or folate deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the genetic dysfunction in sickle cell disease? |
|
Definition
| Substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 on the beta chain --> beta chain binds w/ alpha chain to form hemoglobin S |
|
|
Term
| What lab test do we order to assess for autoimmune hemolytic anemias? |
|
Definition
| Direct Coombs test- check for warm and cold antibodies |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria? |
|
Definition
| Check for CD55 and CD_ (proteins on RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| What is the screening vs diagnostic test for sickle cell disease? |
|
Definition
Screening- sickledex
Diagnostic- hemoglobin electrophoresis |
|
|
Term
| What value of corrected reticulocyte count indicates decreased production vs increased destruction of RBCs? |
|
Definition
<2% = decreased production
>2% = increased destruction |
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia is caused by alcoholism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a positive Coombs test indicate? |
|
Definition
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (presence of antibodies on RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| What is the inheritance pattern of pyruvate kinase deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does pyruvate kinase function in RBCs? |
|
Definition
| Participates in ATP generation |
|
|
Term
| What are ferritin levels like in anemia of chronic disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we see on peripheral smear in lead poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S of lead poisoning in children? |
|
Definition
| Encephalopathy (vomiting, altered LOC, seizures, coma); hearing loss; peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| Intervention is indicated at what blood lead level (BLL)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indications for pyrimethamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits parasitic dihydrofolate reductase |
|
|
Term
| Possible toxicity of nitroprusside therapy? |
|
Definition
| Cyanide poisoning (gets metabolized to cyanide) |
|
|
Term
| Nitroprusside indications? |
|
Definition
| Acute decompensated HF, hypertensive emergency |
|
|
Term
| Isoproterenol indications? |
|
Definition
| Bradycardia, cardiogenic shock |
|
|
Term
| Tx for entamoeba histolytica diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First-line tx for hyperprolactinemia? |
|
Definition
| Dopamine agonists- cabergoline followed by bromocriptine |
|
|
Term
| Tx for hepatic encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Gastric acid hypersecretion due to gastrinoma |
|
|
Term
| What diseases can cause secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age group has the highest incidence of ITP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What platelet count is the cutoff for thrombocytopenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC symptom in pts w/ ITP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First-line therapies for ITP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Fanconi syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Genetic disorder manifesting with bone marrow failure and endocrine anomalies (short stature, hypogonadism, etc) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 major types of von Willebrand disease VWD? |
|
Definition
1- quantitative reduction in VWF
2- Dysfunctional VWF
3- Absent or severely reduced VWF |
|
|
Term
| What is the inheritance pattern for VWD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Russell viper venom affect clotting cascade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does prolonged Russell viper venom test indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indication for fresh frozen plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can DDAVP (desmopressin) help with clotting? |
|
Definition
| Stimulates release of VWF from platelets |
|
|
Term
| What is octreotide and what are its common indications? |
|
Definition
Somatostatin analog
Used to tx acromegaly and also watery diarrhea associated w/ GI tumors |
|
|
Term
| What is Charcot Marie Tooth disease and how does it present? |
|
Definition
| Genetic peripheral demyelinating disorder- presents w/ distal weakness including foot drop & pes cavus |
|
|
Term
| What type of medication is vincristine? |
|
Definition
| Antineoplastic agent (used to tx leukemia & lymphoma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevents microtubule formation |
|
|
Term
| What is the Mantoux test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha-1-agonist used as vasopressor |
|
|
Term
| What is a MELD score used for? |
|
Definition
| Model for End-stage Liver Disease |
|
|
Term
| What serum levels are calculated into the MELD score? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are manifestations of Korsakoff syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Selective anterograde and retrograde amnesia |
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to treat acetaminophen OD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the dagger sign on frontal spine xray? |
|
Definition
| Radiodense line of spinous processes- indicates ankylosing spondylitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mark off 10cm above L5 spinous process, have pt maximally flex spine. Normal is >5cm increase, AS will have less |
|
|
Term
| What is bamboo spine on x ray? |
|
Definition
| Bumpy outer edges of vertebral bodies = osteophytes- indicates AS |
|
|
Term
| What does shawl sign indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Gottron papules? |
|
Definition
| Red bumps over knuckles- seen in dermatomyositis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitor- lowers uric acid (use for long-term management of gout) |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of allopurinol in pts w/ cancer? |
|
Definition
| Tumor lysis syndrome- chemo destroys WBCs causing them to leak uric acid |
|
|
Term
| First-line tx of acute gout flare? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are lab features of nephrotic syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Massive proteinuria (>3g/24h), hypoalbuminemia (<2.5g/dL), edema, hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
| Is hyperpigmentation associated w/ primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class of drugs are flecainide and procainamide? |
|
Definition
| Na channel blockers (antiarrhythmics) |
|
|
Term
| What organs are primarily affected by MEN type 1? |
|
Definition
| 3 Ps: Parathyroid, pituitary, pancreas |
|
|
Term
| Clinical features of MEN2A? |
|
Definition
| Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), pheochromocytoma, primary parathyroid hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| Clinical features of MEN2B? |
|
Definition
| MTC, pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuroma |
|
|
Term
| What cause of diarrhea and crampy abdominal pain is made worse by stress and mealtimes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathophys of acute tubular necrosis? |
|
Definition
| Decreased GFR due to hypotension/dehydration/sepsis leads to breakdown of renal epithelium/necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Urinalysis findings in acute tubular necrosis (ATN)? |
|
Definition
| Muddy brown granular, epithelial cell casts |
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnostic test of choice for Wegener’s granulomatosis disease? |
|
Definition
| Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody |
|
|
Term
| Antibiotic of choice for campylobacter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is trihexyphenidyl indicated for? |
|
Definition
| Antimuscarinic agent used to tx spasms in Parkinson's disease |
|
|
Term
| What type of drug is pimavanserin? |
|
Definition
| Atypical antipsychotic used to tx Parkinson's hallucinations |
|
|
Term
| What features are necessary for a clinical diagnosis of parkinson disease? |
|
Definition
| Bradykinesia plus either tremor or rigidity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary flexion of the neck |
|
|
Term
| Is PD usually bilateral or unilateral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is leflunomide used to tx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of drug is amantadine? |
|
Definition
| Dopamine promoter (used in PD) |
|
|
Term
| What is macroglobulinemia? |
|
Definition
| IgM monoclonal gammopathy |
|
|
Term
| Clinical manifestations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia? |
|
Definition
Hyperviscosity- vision changes, tinnitus, deafness, etc
Peripheral neuropathy (due to IgM attack of nerve cells)
Rouleaux formation on periph blood smear |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA and indication for bendamustine? |
|
Definition
Alkylating agent (mustard derivative)
Used to tx CLL |
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