Term
|
Definition
| (urine Na * plasma Cr) / (Serum Na * urine Cr) |
|
|
Term
FENa interpretation
greater than 1%
Less than 1% |
|
Definition
<1% is pre renal Dx
>1% can be several things such as ATN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (urine Urea * plasma Cr) / (Serum Urea * urine Cr) |
|
|
Term
FE Urea interpretation
cutoffs and significances |
|
Definition
<35% = pre renal azotemia
>35% = normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of hypernatremia - the 6 Ds |
|
Definition
Diuretics
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Docs (iatrogenic)
Diarrhea (and vomiting)
Disease of kidney (hyperalDOSTERONE) |
|
|
Term
1) Rate of change in treating hyponatremia
2) Rate of change in treating hypernatremia |
|
Definition
1) asymptomatic: max 0.5 meq/L/hr
symptomatic rapid 1.0 meq/L/hr to Sx resolve
TOTAL max 8-10meq/L/day or else pontine myelinolysis
2) 0.5 meq/L/hr and max 12 meq/L/day or brain hernia |
|
|
Term
FENa interpretation
greater than 1%
Less than 1% |
|
Definition
<1% is pre renal Dx
>1% can be several things such as ATN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (urine Urea * plasma Cr) / (Serum Urea * urine Cr) |
|
|
Term
FE Urea interpretation
cutoffs and significances |
|
Definition
<35% = pre renal azotemia
>35% = normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Total body water deficit formula |
|
Definition
| (body Kg * 0.6) * ((serm Na / 140) -1) |
|
|
Term
| causes of hypernatremia - the 6 Ds |
|
Definition
Diuretics
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Docs (iatrogenic)
Diarrhea (and vomiting)
Disease of kidney (hyperalDOSTERONE) |
|
|
Term
1) Rate of change in treating hyponatremia
2) Rate of change in treating hypernatremia |
|
Definition
1) asymptomatic: max 0.5 meq/L/hr
symptomatic rapid 1.0 meq/L/hr to Sx resolve
TOTAL max 8-10meq/L/day or else pontine myelinolysis
2) 0.5 meq/L/hr and max 12 meq/L/day or brain hernia |
|
|
Term
| #1 most common cause for upper GI bleed |
|
Definition
Peptic ulcer disease 40-79% of the time.
Most commonly due to H. pylori, then also NSAID, EtOH, and smoking |
|
|
Term
| BUN/Cr ratio expected range in upper GI bleed |
|
Definition
| 35:1 or greater (blood digestion or prerenal due to vol loss - not sure which is the cause) |
|
|
Term
TRUE/FALSE:
a PPI and H2 block can be co administered w/o consequence |
|
Definition
| FALSE - they will negate eachother = no effect. |
|
|
Term
| Anion gap formula and normals |
|
Definition
AG = Na -(Cl + HCO3)
normal is 12, greater is an anion gap acidosis |
|
|
Term
normal pH,
pCO2
pO2
HCO3
Cl
Na
K |
|
Definition
pH is 7.4 +- .02
pCO2 is 40 +-2.0
pO2 is 80-100
HCO3 is 24 +-1
Cl is 98 - 106
Na is 140 +-5
K is 3.5 - 5.0 |
|
|
Term
| what is WINTER'S FORMULA for expected pCO2 in setting of metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| expected pCO2 = 1.5(bicarb) +8 +-2 |
|
|
Term
In respiratory acidosis/alkalosis acute and chronic what are the appropriate HCO3 compensations per 10mmHg of pCO2?
Also change in pH acute vs chronic per 10 pCO2 change. |
|
Definition
alkalosis is increase pCO2 -acute is 1meq bicarb up, chronic is 3 meq bicarb up
Acidosis is decrease pCO2 - acute is 2meq bicarb down, chronic is 4meq bicarb down
pH change: acute is +-0.08 per 10 pCO2
chronic is +- 0.03 per 10 pCO2 |
|
|
Term
| potential bicarb formula and interpretation |
|
Definition
(delta AG) +bicarb = potential bicarb
(AG -12) + HCO3 (from lytes) is potential bicarb
normal is 24, pot. bicarb less than 24 is NAG metab acidosis
greater than 24 is metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Term
| 3 most common culprits of alveolar/lobar community acquired pneumonia |
|
Definition
Strep pneumonia
H. influenzae
Moraxella cattarrharhiahahidihthrriahras or whatever the last part is |
|
|
Term
| 3 atypical pneumonias - community acquired |
|
Definition
chlamidia pneumo
legionella
mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| Light's criteria of exudate vs transudate in pleural effusion |
|
Definition
1) if )effusion protein) / (sera protein) = >0.5 is exudate
2) effusion LDH / sera LDH = >0.6 is exudate
3) effusion LDH > (2/3 upper lim normal sera LDH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frank pus / cloudy fluid
pH <7.20 ***** most sensitive*****
glucose <60
high protein, high LDH,
positive gram stain/culture, leukocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Tx comm acquired pneumonia out and inpatient, not ICU |
|
Definition
*** OUTPATIENT: macrolide OR doxy OR moxi or levo
*** INPATIENT: Beta lac-(gen3 ceph OR augmentin) & macrolide /// OR just antipneumo flouroquinolone moxi levo |
|
|
Term
| Tx ICU patient w/ comm acquire pneumonia |
|
Definition
(beta lac of gen3 cepalo OR ampiciilin/sulbctm)
AND (Macrolide or antipneumo floroquinolone moxi-levo)
ADD if structure change think pseudomonads: (pip/tazo, meropenem, gen4 ceph) AND (antipseud floroquinolone cipro or levoflox)
ADD if MRSA vanco or lenizolid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(antipseudo penicillin pip tazo OR gen3 cephalo) AND
(antipseudo aminoglycoside OR floroquinolone)
ADD if legionarres macrolide
ADD if MRSA vanco or linezolid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gram - coverage: clindamycin
OR (augment/amox-clavulonate AND metronidazole) |
|
|
