Term
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Definition
| cool or heat spaces by conditioned air alone, transported through the space in ducts with supply's and returns |
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Term
| commercial air hvac systems |
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Definition
1. VAV (variable air volume)
2. high velocity dual duct
3. constant volume with reheat
4. multizone |
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Term
| fire rated partitions in return air plenums require: |
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Definition
| that supply air ducts and openings for return air be cut into the wall, fire dampers that close off these openings in the event of a fire |
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Term
| all water heating systems |
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Definition
use a type of coil unit called a convector in each space through which hot water is circulated
the hot water heats the fins of the coil and air is heated as it is drawn over the fins
air may be circulated by convection (baseboard) or by forced circulation |
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Term
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Definition
combination of ductwork for supplying fresh air and water to heat or cool the air before it is supplied to the space
box contains a hot water coil that provides additional heat to the airstream, easily identified by air ducts and copper pipes leading into them |
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Term
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Definition
| mounted in the walls or ceiling, sometimes used where it is necessary to avoid drafts |
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Term
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Definition
residential: typically run within the walls and floor joists, may in some instances be run beneath the joists and require a furred down space
commercial: horizontal ducts run through the plenum, vertical ducts run within their own chases |
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Term
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Definition
adjusts the quantity or temperature of air going into a space from the main air supply, reduces the velocity of the air, and attenuates noise
thermostat lines are connected to the mixing boxes
in dual duct systems, the mixing box mixes cool and hot air coming from two ducts to serve individual rooms or spaces |
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Term
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Definition
varies the quantity of air, one duct leads in and one or several lead out, and are attached to registers in the ceiling
typically placed above the ceiling within or near the space it serves |
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Term
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Definition
range from 6-18" high, 24-60" long, and 14-66" wide.
expensive and difficult to move, verify locations in the field prior to lighting layout |
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Term
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Definition
| false floor, typically used for running electrical and network, can be used for some types of hvac to serve individual workstations |
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Term
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Definition
| a steel framework that is bolted to the floor inside a pipe chase to carry the weight of wall hung toilets |
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Term
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Definition
normally placed away from exterior walls or other heat sources that may interfere
typically 48" aff, but coordinate with ADA and other devices |
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Term
| window covering clearances |
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Definition
*at least 2" between glass and any window covering to prevent build up of heat that may crack the glass, and 1-1/2" from mullion
*1-1/2" minimum from soffit above glass
*1-1/2" from sill if supply is in sill |
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Term
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Definition
*1' or 2' square, lay in diffuser for lay in ceiling
*slot air diffuser, used when space is minimal or for aesthetic, long and narrow, 3-8" in width and any length, and used for supply or return |
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Term
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Definition
18 is the width
12 is the height |
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Term
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Definition
nonmetallic sheathed cable consisting of two or more plastic insulated conductors and ground wire surrounded by a moisture resistant plastic jacket
*can be used in wood stud residential buildings and buildings not exceeding 3 floors if used with wood studs and protected from damage by being concealed behind wallboard |
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Term
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Definition
flexible metal-clad cable or armored cable (AC) consists of two or more plastic insulated conductors encased in spiral wound steel tape.
*often used in remodel work because it is easy to pull through existing spaces
*used to connect commercial light fixtures so they can be relocated |
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Term
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Definition
required in commercial/multi-family
supports and protects the wiring, serves as a system ground, and protects surrounding construction from fire |
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Term
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Definition
thin, flat, protected wire that can be laid beneath carpet without protuding
available in 120v and telephone, must be used with carpet tile so it is accessible |
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Term
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Definition
steel or approved plastic boxes which provide for the connections to the power supply, conduit is attached to the jbox. required where light fixtures are connected to the electrical system
*single switches/duplex - 2"x4"
*larger boxes are 4"x4" |
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Term
| residential spacing of outlets |
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Definition
| minimum of 12' apart, and minimum of one on each wall |
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Term
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Definition
| outlets placed on their own circuit to prevent electrical interference |
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Term
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Definition
| a separate wire in addition to the two that provide power, prevents a dangerous shock if someone touches an appliance with a short circuit and simultaneously touches a ground path such as a water pipe - provides a path for the fault |
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Term
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Definition
ground fault interrupters are devices that detect small current leaks and disconnect the power to the circuit or appliance
* can be part of circuit breaker or installed as outlet
*required in outdoor outlets and bathrooms, basements, and kitchens |
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Term
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Definition
| can be shown on a separate power plan,on the furniture plan where exact dimensions are provided if location is critical |
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Term
| plumbing system components |
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Definition
*water supply - cold and hot water, supplied under pressure to individual plumbing fixtures, pipes generally small
*drainage - works by gravity, must be sloped downward, vent pipes are required |
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Term
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Definition
attached to the fixture, designed to catch and hold a quantity of water to provide a seal that prevents gases from the sewage system from entering the building
*toilets, 2 or 3 adjacent fixtures typically have the trap integrated into their design |
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Term
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Definition
traps are connected to the actual drainage and to vents. vents are pipes connected to the drainage system at various locations open to outside air.
*allow built up sewage gases to escape, allow pressure in the system to equalize so discharging waste does not create a siphon that drains the water supply. |
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Term
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Definition
sewage travels from the trap in branch lines to the vertical stack.
soil stack - carries human waste from toilets
waste stack - carries waste other than human waste |
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Term
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Definition
vents connected above highest fixture in system to a stack vent, which extends through the roof.
multi story buildings have a separate pipe for venting called a vent stack which either extends through the roof or connects with stack vent above the highest fixture |
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Term
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Definition
| minimum of 1/4" for pipes larger than 3", if the pipe has to be concealed within the floor, this will limit the distance of the fixture to the riser |
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Term
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Definition
| typical commercial buildings have plumbing concentrated at the core, and also provide wet columns that have hot & cold water supply and drainage |
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Term
| 3 objectives of fire protection and life safety |
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Definition
protection of life
protection of property
restoration and continued use of a building after a fire |
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Term
| fire protection in a building accomplished by |
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Definition
preventing fires
early detection and alarm
providing for quick exiting
containing the fire
suppressing the fire |
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Term
| fire containment achieved through |
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Definition
building materials
compartmentation
smoke control |
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Term
| fire suppression achieved through |
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Definition
fire detection and alarms
sprinkler systems
standpipes |
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Term
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Definition
provide places of refuge for occupants
protect other parts of building
provide time for fire suppression
required between different occupancies, between use areas and exits, and between parts of a building when a maximum allowable area is exceeded |
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Term
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Definition
most important aspect of fire protection
smoke moves quickly through a building because of air pressure between cold and warm air, and is pulled through vertical stacks |
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Term
| elements of controlling smoke |
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Definition
*containment (compartmentation) with fire dampers, automatic closing fire doors
*exhaust-mechanically exhausting smoke from the building
*dilution |
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Term
| 4 types of fire detection devices |
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Definition
1. ionization detector - responds to products of combustion ionized particles rather than smoke - considered early warning detectors
2. photoelectric detectors - respond to smoke which obscures a light beam in the device
3. rise of temperature detectors - trip an alarm when a particular temperature is reached in a room
4. flame detectors - respond to infrared or ultraviolet radiation gien off by flames |
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Term
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Definition
| required in buildings over 75' high |
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Term
| NFPA classification of buildings |
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Definition
light
ordinary
extra hazard
*determines the spacing of sprinklers
eg, office space one sprinkler per 225 sq ft, maximum of 15' apart & maximum of one half the required spacing from the wall |
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Term
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Definition
pipes that run the height of a building and proved water outlets at each floor that fire hoses can can be connected
*located in stairwell or within a vestibule of pressurized enclosures |
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Term
| 4 types of portable fire extinguishers |
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Definition
A - paper, wood, cloth - extinguisher is water based
B -flammable liquids such as gasoline, solvents, and paints - extin. contains smothering chemicals
C - electrical equipment - extin. contains non-conductive agents
D - combustible metals |
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Term
| halongenated agents (halon) |
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Definition
| a gas that chemically inhibits the spread of fire, can damage the ozone layer, so alternatives are being explored for the future |
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Term
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Definition
building material that expands rapidly in response to fire filling gaps to prevent the passage of fire, heat and smoke
available as strips, caulk, paint, and spreadable putty |
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Term
| 3 types of intrusion detection |
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Definition
permimeter protection
area or room protection
object protection |
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Term
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Definition
| secures the entry points to a space - include doors, windows,skylights, ducts, tunnels, other service entrances |
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Term
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Definition
used on doors and windows to sound an alarm when the contact is broken or send a signal to a central monitoring station
*can be surface mounted, recessed into the door and frame, or concealed in special hinges |
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Term
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Definition
| metallic foil or vibration detector mounted on the glass senses when glass is broken |
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Term
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Definition
| fine wires embedded in them that can be used to set off a alarm if they are cut or broken |
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Term
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Definition
detect when a beam has been broken
can be surface mounted, butlook better when they are recessed |
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Term
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Definition
beams warn of an intrustion by sending a pulsed beam across the space. when the beam is broken and alarm is signalled.
*large and small areas
*equipment small and can be concealed |
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Term
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Definition
sense source of infared radition, such as human body, compared with normal room radiation
*must have clear field of view of protected area |
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Term
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Definition
| listen for unusual sounds in a space above what is normally encountered. |
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Term
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Definition
| these sensors dectect weight on a floor or other surfaces, can be separate fixtures laid over existing floor finish or placed under carpet |
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Term
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Definition
emit a very high frequency sound wave. when the soundwave is interrupted, and alarm is activated.
*limited to a space 12' high and 20'x30' |
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Term
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Definition
emit field of microwave radiation and sense interruptions in that field
*limited use in interior construction because the rays can penetrate most building materials and are reflected by metal. |
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Term
| capacitance proximity detectors |
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Definition
| detect when metal objects are touched |
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Term
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Definition
| sense a disturbance of an object |
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Term
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Definition
| determine if the space around an object is violated |
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Term
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Definition
interception of sound or signals emitted from computer screen.
to prevent, electromagnetic or radio frequency shielding is required |
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Term
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Definition
building a cage of continuously conductive material that catches signals and conduct them to the ground.
*rating of protection is measured in decibels of attenuation
*government and military facilities are designed for 100dB across a broad bandwith of signals, very expensive
*corporate needs, 60 dB stops 99.9% of signals coming from office computers and other sources |
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Term
| electronic shielding for corporations |
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Definition
60dB
*copper foil (difficult to install)
*non-woven fabric placed behind wall surface
*metallic shielding paint
*fine mesh in windows or special shielded glass
*filters are required for tel/data and power where the penetrate the membrane
**consult a security expert |
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Term
| to prevent locks from being torqued apart |
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Definition
security strikes
cover plates
cylinder guards |
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Term
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Definition
can be concealed in the wall
some can read the card in a person's wallet a few feet from the device |
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Term
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Definition
used by hotels
key code is changed each time a new person checks in to the room |
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Term
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Definition
| read the retina of the eye or a handprint, voice prints |
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Term
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Definition
retracts the bolt when activated from the secure side of the door
require an electric hinge |
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Term
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Definition
| replace the standard door strike and consist of a moveable mechanism that is mortised into the frame. a latch bolt is fixed from the secure side of the door, and with activation, the electric strike retracts |
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Term
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Definition
| lock holds the door closed with magnetic force |
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Term
| coordination with electrical and signal systems - issues to consider |
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Definition
*lighting for surveillance
*cctv vendor needs to know the lighting, or may spec the lighting
*physical space for equipment
*speakers in ceiling
*concealed transformers |
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Term
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Definition
| the inside smaller arc cannot be lsess than twice the width of the stair or it becomes a winding stair |
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Term
| formula for determining the length of tread |
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Definition
2R+T=25
typical, 7" riser and 11" tread
IBC limits risers to 7" and minimum tread to 11" |
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