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Definition
| An action towards another person based on the person's perceived racial belonging |
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Definition
any thought,behaviors, policy, or social structure that treats people unequally based on group terms
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| the attitude and action of not only accepting group's behaviors, but also seeing the good in them, even adopting them, and actively inculding the individuals of a group |
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| Policy and social structure |
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| the idea that we only pay attention to certain things, impacted by what we hold to be important and our negative or positive expectaions |
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| a mental process through which we only remember certain things that conform to our connections or biases |
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Definition
| a process by which we give meaning to our own behaviors and the behaviors of others |
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| Fundamental attribution error??? |
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Definition
| we overestimate the role of personal characteristics in someone's behavior and do not place as much weight on context |
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self-serving attribution bias??
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Definition
| leads us to give attributions that frame our behaviors as normal and appropriate and give meanings to others behavior that make us look better |
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| ultimate attribtion error?? |
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Definition
| an error in perception that blends fundamental and self-serving attribution biases in which we give different meanings to the faliures and susses of others than to ourselves |
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| An oversimplified, often unvarying attitude assigned to a group or to a person because that person is a member of a group |
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| the mental process of grouping things, attitudes, behaviors, and people into like clusters |
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| When we see a person as an individual, rather than simply as a member of a group |
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Definition
An attitude in which we are hostile towards or avoid another person because of the group to which that person belongs
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Definition
| a perception in which ones own group is the center of everything and all others are scaled with reference to it |
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| is the fear of people who are different from oneself |
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| being openly friendly towards people of another group, but prefer to keep them at "arms lenght" |
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| blatant intolerance we see when someone speaks openly and negatively about other groups |
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| A racial slur, or name for another |
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| An act of open discrimination, vandalism, physical orsexual abuse, or other harmful behavior that is based on group beloning |
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| the attempt to remove a popualtion by murder or forced deportation from a country or area of a country |
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Definition
| a practice in which banks avoid giving mortgages to people wanting to purchase in certain neighborhoods or to people of different ethnic or racial groups |
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| An intolerance that one still holds toward another person because of the group to which the person belongs, but that is expected in difficult-to-notice ways |
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| A set of ideas expressing negative feelings toward minority members in a culture, which are embedded in other symbols or behind political attitudes |
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| A set of beliefs that justify men's sexual dominace, especially in terms of unwnated sexual contact with women |
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| A system of ideas,images,laws,beliefs,and practices that work against women in favor of patriachy |
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| A system of images,policies, and collective thought that privileges heterosexual relationships and marginalizes or disenfranchises those in homosexual relationshps |
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| A system of male-based power, in which men have authority or dominace over women |
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| an irrational fear of someone who is lesbian or gay |
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Definition
| Everday expression of Intolerance that people of non-dominant racial, sex, gender orientaion, and other groups must live with, which are often too substle to even notice |
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| Possible solutions to intolerance? |
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Definition
| Indiviual-focused initatives |
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Possible solutions to intolerance?
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Definition
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Possible solutions to intolerance?
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Definition
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Possible solutions to intolerance?
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| Stuctural and policy solutions |
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| A theoretical statement that suggests that the more time people from groups that do not like each other spend with each other, the better group relations will become |
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| A stategy for reducing prejudice in which people attempt to ignore "race" or ethnicity in social interaction |
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| An attempt to change communication through terminology and references |
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| system of verbal, nonverbal, and visual symbols that a group pieces together to share meaning |
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| is the area of language study that considers what words mean |
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| the relatively objective dictionary type of definition of a word |
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| the feelings that individuals associate with a word |
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Definition
| The "linguistic relativity" view of language, which states that the language of a culture dictates the very way that people within that culture can think |
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Definition
| The aspect of language that deals with how we accomplish tasks with language |
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Definition
| outlines the types of actions we perform with utterances |
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Definition
| In speech acts theory, speech used to influence the behavior of another person |
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| In cross-culture communication research, a negative reflection upon one's group experienced as a result of one's behavior |
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| A negative emotion that entails personal responsibility for a wrong committed |
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| Doing something concrete to make up to the injured party for a wrong or embarrasment |
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| refers to the level of control over another's thoughts, feelings, or behavior |
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| The degree of familiarity and or intimacy we have with another person |
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| the image we seek to have of ourselves in interaction |
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| a desire to be seen as autonomous or independent of others |
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| A desire to be seen as competent or included/liked by others |
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| Cultural rules regarding expected behavior that inculde expecations of who does what and any expected sequence of actions in a communication routine |
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| forms and levels of formality of speech for people in different societal groups, such as based on social status |
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| A communication style in which speakers use language not so much to describe reality precisely, but to embellish upon it |
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| A communication style in which speakers give information as necessary |
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Definition
| A communication style in which speakers use understatement or silence, giving less detail in a situation than the other style |
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| discursive elements of laguage?? |
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Definition
| elements of language use linked to a broader pattern of meaning |
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Definition
| A narrative that is populary told to teach preferred ways of behaving |
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| Conversational esisode (CE) |
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Definition
| A portion of a conversation that has a distict behinning and ending |
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Definition
| a conflict that arises in a community after a social norm is violated |
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| A verbal expression in which an item that is well known is associated with another item that is less well known |
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| A metaphor deeply embedded in culture and highly persuasive in public discourse |
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Definition
| a process by which we give meaning to our own behavior and the behavior of others |
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Definition
| a code used by people who know each other well |
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| a vocabulary used by people within a specific profession or area |
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| language used by those in a particular underclass, often to differentiate themselves from a dominant culture |
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| people spell out the details of meaning in the words in a way that those outside of the group can understand them |
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Definition
| the switching back and forth between codes |
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| Communication accommodation theory?? |
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Definition
| predicts how people adjust their communication in certain situations, the factors that lead to such changes, and the outcomes of different types of changes |
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Definition
| The proccess of changing our behavior to be more like that of the person with whom we are speaking |
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Definition
| when we make no change in behavior when speaking with other individulas or people in other groups |
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Definition
| Highligh his own style to mark it as fifferent from that of the other group |
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Definition
| Converging too much or in ineffective ways |
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| A form of convergence younger people sometimes use with older people, inculding higher pitch, simpler gramme, use of "we", and so on |
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| A form of convergence whites often use with blacks or members of other minority groups, inculding repetition, grammar and word choicesimplifaction |
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| A mistake we make in our own or another culture; a breach of etiquette that brings embarrassment to self or others |
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Definition
| the vocalic shaping of utterances, including pitch, volume,tempo, and rhythm |
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| a gesture that has an explict verbal translation that is known among most members of a group |
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| Cultural rules about the display of emotion, indicating when, to whom, in what context, and how much we should show certain emotions |
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| Cultures that differ in he degree to which members tend to seek more sensory input during face to face interacion through various non verbal channels |
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| cultures in which people tend to do one task at a time |
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| Cultures in which people may prefer to do multiple tasks at the same time |
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| a specific time on the clock |
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| Time references that refer to move vauge experessions of time than formal time, such as "later" |
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Definition
| a hypothesis by anthopolgist Keith Basso, upon observing use of silence among the apache, that people may use silence to respond to situations of uncertainty |
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Definition
| verbal and nonverbal behaviors that show warmth, liking, and affilation |
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Definition
| Expectations for non verbal and verbal behavior based on our culture, our personal preferences, and our knowledge of the other communicator |
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Definition
| In expectancy violation theory, the positive or negative evaluation we give to a behavior that violates our expectancies |
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| Communicator reward valence?? |
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Definition
| In expectancy violation theory, the perceived reward or punishment that we think we can receive from a person who violates our expectancies |
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Definition
a cross-disciplinary approach that looks at how meanings is conveyed through "signs"
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Definition
| the combination of the signified and the signifier and the relationship between them |
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Definition
| anobject or idea that is represented by a sound or image; part of a "sign" |
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Definition
| the sound or image that represents a concept or thing; part of a sign |
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| a set of related sounds/images that represent an idea |
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| when different codes are placed together in a text to give meaning |
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| System of meanings and assumptions |
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| the marrying of indivuals across ethnic or racial lines |
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Definition
| marriage between people of percived outgroups regardless of the grounds- religious,cultural, racial |
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| Marrying outside of one's percevied group, as opposed to endogamy, marrying within one's group |
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| a connection between two or more individuals |
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| An idea or priority that a person holds to be important and that serves as a guide for behavior |
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Definition
| a family composed of the parents and their children |
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Definition
| physical closeness between people |
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| Similarity-attraction hypothesis?? |
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| a research proposition that the more similar we are to people, the more we will grow to like them |
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Definition
| revealing things about oneself to someone else |
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| Social penetration theory?? |
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Definition
| a theory of relationshp growth that suggests that self-disclosure is what causes people to grow closer together |
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Definition
| In social penetration theory, the intiamcy of detail that we self-disclose |
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Definition
| In socail penetration theory, the number of topic areas about which we self-disclose |
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| Uncertainty reduction theory?? |
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Definition
| a theory of relationship growth that states that the better we can predict and explain the behaviors of another, the more relationships will grow |
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Definition
| feelings of uneasiness, tension, or apprehension that occur in intercultural interactions |
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Definition
| the rigorous methods for testing competing claims used by scientists and other experts |
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Definition
| the proper behavior for the proper relationship and situational context |
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Definition
| a practice of giving and receving from others |
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| a chinese notion of connectedness to others |
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Definition
| a consideration of the needs of the other |
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Definition
| allow someone from another group into ones circle of friends but see them as an exception to the general fellings of that group |
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Definition
| a lack of social acceptabilityof a group or person, sometimes to point of shame or disgrace |
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Definition
| a difference in values, processes, or results and related to interpersonal relations or decision-making content between two people |
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| percevied and or actual incompatibility of values, expectations, processes, or otcomes between two or more parties from different cultures over issues |
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Definition
| disagreeinf parties become aware of tension toward each other and experience frustration |
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Definition
| conflict gets exhibtited through physical aggression, verbal expressions, dysfunctional organizaional behavior |
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Definition
| an evaluation of outcomes as being productive or unproductive at each stage |
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| occurs when indiviuals prefer simply not to confront the other party |
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Definition
| givng in to the demands of the other party |
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| A zero sum conflict in which one party is concerned primarly ith meeting their own goals, seeking to win the conflict regardless of cost to the other party |
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Definition
| a conflict approach in which each party makes concessions, giving up some goals to achieve others |
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Definition
| a conflict approach in which parties seek to maximize their own rewards while also facilitating the meeting of goals of the other party |
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Definition
| a form of decision-making that involes two parties with common interest |
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Definition
| the initial phase of negotioation in which parties assess their position, consider what they know of the other parties and plan out their communication |
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| the actual negotiation, collaborative engagement or competition occurs between the parties |
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| the culmination of all events and communication that comprised the conflict negotiation process |
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| third parties that resolve conflict based on facts |
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| third parties that resolve conflict based on reason and compromise |
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| Organizational communication?? |
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Definition
| a dicipline within communication studies tha focuses specifically on organzing behaviors across contexts |
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Definition
| those indiviudals with the best acces to information and who are involved in the tranfer, reprocessing, or transmittal of information |
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Definition
| the implicit contract between an employer and employee defined in terms of an understanding of mutual obligations and expectations |
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Definition
| the implict contract between an employer and employee that ensure lifetime job sercurity an a reasonable pension, in return for which the emplyee showed commitement to their work and employer |
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Definition
| a new informal contract between emplyee and employer |
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Definition
| when individuuals move between organizations with increasing frequency |
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Definition
| when the indiviual, rather than pursuing a single, full-time job, balances a portfolio of different and changing oppertunities |
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Definition
| managed by the individual not the organization |
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Definition
| an organization whose members are geographically distributed across time and space that they work at different times in different locations and use computer technologies to coordinate work activities |
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| the interconnected nature of the global economy |
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| those elemets of a group or organization that are most stable at least malleable |
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| cultures where people believe in unequivocal definitions and the universal application of right or wrong and other moral behaviors |
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| cultures where people give greater attention to relational obligations and contexts and believe in truth as being relative |
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| dissimilarity and diversity among cultural components |
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| a culture which thinking while speaking or learning through communicaton is encouraged |
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| "listen before you leap" culture |
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| an outsider's seemingly natural ability to interpret someone's unfamiliar and ambiguogs getsures |
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Definition
| the nature of relationships and networks that can develop between individuals and organizations |
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| Monolithic organizations?? |
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Definition
| highly homogenous organizations that identify with one country and consist of one dominant cultural groups |
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Definition
| Organizations that identify with country and there is recogniition of internal |
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