Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intercultural Communication
Fresno Pacific University (intercultural studies)
61
Communication
Undergraduate 1
10/18/2016

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

4 Analogies

(Onion, glasses/contacts, Iceberg, fish in a bowl)

Definition
different cultural lenses and roots in traditions, Various perspectives, more than meets the eye (depth to culture), restricted by our own ethnocentrism
Term

"How to peel a banana?"

Learning Goals

Definition
  • We have automatic ways of doing things that we don't question & assume to be right.
  • different ways to reach the same outcome.
  • Things can be learned from diverse perspectives.
  • Seeing contrasting ideas helps us recognize our own automatic assumptions.
Term

 

 

"Meeting on the Congo"

Learning Objectives

Definition
  • several different interpretations of events and issues based on people's perspectives, cultural lenses, experience & environments.
  • Examining multiple perspectives helps better understand event or issue and any resulting conflicts
Term

 

 

Intercultural Communication & Global Society

Definition
  • about 75% of population in Asia Region
  • World population increased significantly last 212 years
  • global access to technology has changed world of communication
  • Fresno is diverse in languages and culture
Term

 

"British tea booming in China, birth place"

Learning Objectives

Definition
illustrates very real power of communication (media) to influence culture and thus economics, and ultimately the lives of individuals - often in unforeseen ways.
Term

"Barnaga" Game

Learning Objectives

Definition
  • expect others to "play" by the same "rules" or norms we do.
  • When we notice a violation of the rules (or norms) tend to blame others, rather than ourselves.
  • When we figure out that others are following different rules or norms, it's difficult to know how to bridge the differences
  • Often we recognize rules or norms are different, but we don't know how they are different.
  • The degree of our reactions to violations of the rules or cultural norms is usually influenced by our expectations
  • The more similar cultures are, the greater our shock when discover differences.
  • Cultural friction increases when communication breaks down.
  • Time, creativity, and effort spent in communicating effectively reduces cultural stress and friction.

 

Term

 

 

Challenges of studying Communication

 

Definition

Communication: sharing who we are and what we know, we share ideas and feelings based on our culture

New communication technologies: create new configuration sources, messages, and recievers; reinforce need to re-examine existing definitions

Term

 

 

Communication Definition

Definition

 

 
Process by which people use shared verbal/nonverbal codes, systems and media to exhcange information in a particular cultural context


 

 

Term

 

The Components of Communication

 

Definition

 


Source - Message - Channel - Reciever - Encoding - Decoding - Noise - Feedback


 

Term

 

Source

Definition

 

Orgin of information, sender of the message

Term

 

 

Message

Definition
Verbal and/or nonverbal form of the idea, thought or feeling one wishes to communicate
Term

 

 

Channel

Definition

 

A means by which messages move from one person to another

Term

 

 

Reciever

Definition

 

Inteded target of the message

Term

 

 

Encoding

Definition

 

The process by which the source uses shared codes to convert concepts, thoughts and feeling into a message

Term

 

 

Decoding

Definition

 

The process by which the reciever converts the coded message back into meaning

Term

 

 

Noise

Definition

 

All factors that interfere with information transfer

Term

 

 

Feedback

Definition

 

The response of the reciever after recieving the message

Term

 

 

Characteristics of Communication

Definition
  • dynamic process
  • interactive
  • symbolic
  • contextual
Term

 


Debates over Defining Culture

Definition
  • approx. 200 definitions of culture
  • illustrates multifaceted nature

Study ranges from aspects associated with:

Arts - entire system of meanings and way of life of society

Term

 

 

Culture Definition

Definition
Particular way of life of a group of people, compristing deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, traditions, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, worldviews, material objects and geopgraphic territiory
Term

 

 

Emic Approach

Definition
views each culture as a unique entity only examined from within the social group (perspective of the subject)
Term

 

 

Etic Approach

Definition
assumes that culture can be examined from outside that applies to all cultures (perspective of observer)
Term

 

Inner Core of Culture

Definition
  • History
  • Identity
  • Beliefs
  • Values
  • Worldview

 

Term

 

 

History

Definition

 

Deposit and carrier of cultural heritage

Term

 

 

Identity

Definition

 

A sense of 'who we are' or 'who I am'

Term

 

 

Beliefs

Definition

 

What a culture believes as true or false

Term

 

 

Values

Definition
What a culture regards as good or bad
Term

 

 

Worldview

Definition
What a culture believes about nature and the working of the universe
Term

 

 

Intermediate layer of Culture


(Activities as manifestation of Culture)

Definition
Cultural activities: expressed in technology material objects, roles, rules, rituals, customs, communication patterns and artistic expressions
Term

 

 

Outer Layer of Culture

(Institutions of culture)

Definition

Institutions: formalized systems including religion, economy, politics, family, healthcare, and education

  • handles culture's survival accepted and often sanctioned by law
Term

 

 

Characteristics of Culture

Definition

Holistic

Learned

Dynamic

Ethnocentric

Term

 

 

Popular Culture

Definition
daily interactions, needs and desires that make up the everyday lives of the mainstream, including: practices pertaining to cooking, clothing, consumption, mass media, sports and literature
Term

 

Folk Culture

Definition
Localized lifestyle of culture, usually handed down through oral tradition, relates to sense of community; often informs popular culture and even high culture
Term

 

 

Subcultures

Definition
categorization of cultures within dominatant cultures by different groups of people; categorized by activities, social class, gender, ethnicity, race, geographic region, occupation, organization,\ or even sexual orientation
Term

 

 

Ethnic Culture

Definition
Frequently the basis of subculture, identifiable groups of people who are of common heritage and cultural traditions
Term

 

 

Socioeconomic Status

Definition
Can be the basis for a subculture, derived from a person's income, education, occupation, residential area and family background
Term

 

 

Organizational Culture

Definition
Employees hold beliefs, values and assumptions to organize their behavior and interpret their experience in the organization
Term

 

 

Regional Culture

Definition
Geographic region is also a basis for categorizing people by regional differnces imply differences in; social attitudes, lifestyles, food preferences and communication
Term

 

 

Culture and Communication

Definition
Verbal and nonverbal behaviors reflect our cultural imprints; loudness, pitch, turn taking and gestures vary considerable across cultures
Term

 

 

Cultural Beliefs and Values

Definition
Culture reinforces beliefs and values reflected in our  comunication behaviors. E.g a 'fair go' is an important value of Australian culture or in the US "That's not fair!"
Term

 

 

Communication and Culture

Definition
mutually incluence one another, producing different behavioral patterns in different contexts; difficulties may arise when we try to share meaning with those who communication behaviors are governed by cultural rules different from our own
Term

 

 

Cultural Rules

Definition
Teaches us significant rules, rituals and procedures, such as our orientation towards time, tolerance of uncertainty, the way we dress and eat, etc
Term
Worldview
Definition
Lens through which someone sees the world
Term
Characteristics of Worldview
Definition
  • Unseen - lies beneath the surface of customs
  • is the WHY behind the actions
  • Often unexamined by individuals and culture
  • Learned, absorbed, processed from family, formal education, friends, culture, relgion, experiences, etc.
Term

Philosophy of Worldview 

(Leo Apostel)

Definition
  • Model of the world & how it's structured
  • Explanation: why the world is the way it is
  • Futurology: Where are we going?
  • Values: What is good & evil? Morality & ethics
  • Action: How should we act?
  • Knowledge: When we acquire knowledge, how do we know what is true?
  • Building blocks- constructed from parts of various disciplines
Term
Worldview: Origin
Definition

Theology

  •  Who is God?
  • Does God exist? 
Term
Worldview: Meaning
Definition
  • Where does meaning come from?
  • What gives life meaning?
  • What gives people meaning?
Term
Worldview: Morality
Definition
  • How do you know something is true?
  • What is right and wrong?
  • How do you verify that something is true?
Term
Worldview: Destiny
Definition
  • Where are you going?
  • Where is humanity headed?
  • Is future important or do you live for now?
Term
Why is Worldview Important?
Definition
  • Like roots-whatever grows is from the roots
  • many differences that we have across cultures are at their core, differences in worldview
Term
Verbal Communication
Definition
Verbal codes refer to spoken or written language, comprise of set of rules governing the use of words in creating meaning; different languages hae different rules for ordering words to creat meaning
Term
Components of Language
Definition
  • Phonology: Organization of sounds in a given language
  • Morphology: the combination of basic units of meaning
  • Semantics: study of meaning of words
  • Syntax: the study of grammar and structural rules
  • Pragmatics: the impact of language on human perception and behaviour
Term
Noam Chomsky's Universal Grammar
Definition
argues that all human languages share a universal grammar that is innate in the human species and culturally invariant
Term

Constructivist

(Jean Piaget)

Definition
Opposes Nativists' idea, suggest language acquisition involves learning patterns specific to individual languages and therefore requires active interactions with a structured environment
Term
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Definition

Linguistic determinism- way one thinks is determined by the language one speaks

Linguistic relativity- Linguistic characteristics and cultural norms influence each other. Language provides the conceptual categories that influence how its speaker's perceptions are encoded and stored

Term
Discourse
Definition
refers to speech and writing but also to the system of signification
Term

Gudykunst and Ting-Toomey (1988)

Communication styles

Definition
  • Direct/indirect
  • elaborate/succint
  • Personal/cotextual
  • Instrumental/affective
Term

Elaborate/Succinct

Definition
  • quantity of talk
  • elaborate involves rich, expressive and embellished language
  • succinct style involves simple assertions and even silence is valued
Term
Pidgins
Definition
Contact language used by people who do not share a common language, a mixture of 2 or more languages
Term
Creoles
Definition
A new language developed from prolonged contact of two, or more, languages; the next generation learns it as their first language
Term
High Load
Definition
Uncertain, complex, dense, random, improbable
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