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Intellectual Property
MGMT 200 Chapter 14
46
Business
Undergraduate 2
11/28/2012

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Cards

Term

Intellectual property or intangible property

Definition

created by a mental and may be invisible and harder to value than physical property

Term

Infringement

Definition

unauthorized use of intellectual property in violation of the owner’s rights

Term

Trademark

Definition

A commercial symbol that a manufacturer prints on its good so they can be readily identified in the marketplace

Term

Lanham Act 

Definition

Allows trademarks to be registered with the Patent and Trademark Office in D.C. if there is a intent to use it for commerce

Term

Priority of use 

Definition

the first person to use a trademark has the right to sop others from using the same trademark or symbol

Term
How do you register a trademark?
Definition

pay $325 and fill out an application

Term
How long is a trademark good for?
Definition
10 years after the registration date
Term

Infringement

Definition

a seller causes confusion about the origins of a product by improper use of a trademark


o   Ex. Company other than Reebok designs shoes and calls them Reeboks

Term

Dilution

Definition

the owner of a well known mark will be entitled to compensation if another person uses a similar mark which in turn lessens the value and meaning of the original mark


Ex. Company sells guitars with the brand name Reebok

Term

Cybersquatting

Definition

when a trademark is used improperly an in bad


Ex. registering the name reebokshoes.com without the permission of Reebok the company

Term

What are the defenses to infringement, dilution and cybersquatting

Definition

o   Fair use (mention the mark in advertising)

o   Non-commercial use (parody)

o   News reporting or educational use

Term

Counterfeiting

Definition

 the copying or imitation of a trademark without authority to do so

Term

What is Trade Dress?

Definition

includes the size , shape, texture, graphics, and sales techniques of products which are “inherently distinctive”

Term
What are the 2 requirements for Trade dress?
Definition

The mark must be distinctive and have a secondary meaning

 

Term
Secondary Meaning of a mark
Definition

the significance of a mark is to identify the source of the product rather than the product itself

Term

Service Marks

Definition

applies to advertising, insurance, hotels, restaurants, and entertainment


o   Ex. “home of the whopper”

Term

Certification Mark

Definition

any word symbol or device that is used in commerce to certify regional or geographic origin

 

o   Ex. “made in Montana”

Term

Collective Mark

Definition

 used in commerce by members of a cooperative, an association or other organization

 

o   Ex. marks used in memberships of unions

Term

Trade Name

Definition

the name of a company or business

 

They are NOT protected by common law

Term

Goodwill

Definition

When firms have created significant value on their trademark and the trust of many customers


Ex. Coca-cola

Term
Copyrights
Definition
rights of literary property recognized by law
Term

Copyright Act of 1976 

Definition

protects expressions from the time they are printed, sung, used in a computer etc.

 

Last the life of the author plus 70 years 

Material written by employees last 95 years from the date of publication

Term
Moral Rights
Definition
the right of the author to have proper ownership and to prevent unauthorized changes in the work
Term
How do you register a copyright?
Definition

·      fill out copyright form

·      pay $35 dollar fee

Term
Fair Use Doctine in copying material
Definition

using copywritten material for purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, or research is legal

Term
What are the 4 fators that determine infringement?
Definition

1.   The purpose for the copying

2.   The nature of the copyrighted work

3.   The extent of the copying

4.   The effect of the copying on the market for the work

Term

Patent

Definition

a grant which give the inventor the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention for 20 years after the inventor files the application.

Term

Utility Patents (most common) 

Definition

designated for manufactured articles and plant patents of new varieties of plants, GMOs

Term
What are the 2 requirements to patent a new inventions?
Definition
originality & novelty
Term

Trade Secrets

Definition

any formula, pattern, device or compilation of information which is used in one’s business to give them an advantage over competitors who do not know the secret

Term
Economic Espionage
Definition
Those with the intent to convert trade secrets with interstate commerce products for the economic benefit of anyone other than the owner is subject to prosecution
Term
Real Property
Definition

tangible and intangible things and everything permanently attached to it

 

Ex. land, buildings

Term
Eminent Domain
Definition
the government's right to take your house in exchange for fair compensation
Term
Prescriptive Easement
Definition
someone obtains the rights to the property when they uses your property for a long time and you don't complain about it
Term
Federal Trademark Dilution Act
Definition

created the cause-of-action when another business does something that lessons the value of a similar trademark

 

ex. diluting vokda with water

Term
What is the purpose for registering a trademark?
Definition
gives the owner compensation for damages or injunctive relief ("cut it out")
Term
What 4 things make a trademark strong?
Definition

1. fanciful

2. arbitrary

3. suggestive

4. little secondary meaning

Term
What is the requirement for a trade secret?
Definition
requirement to actively keep the information secret
Term
4 ways to maintain status a trade secret
Definition

1.  restrict access to the ino

2. limit # of people who know the info

3. have people sign agreement to not disclose the secret

4. mark written material as property of the owner

Term
What must a plaintiff do to sue over a trade secret breach?
Definition

1. prove trade secret exist

2. it was acquired illegally

3. it was used without permission

Term
What do patents protect?
Definition
novel (original), useful and non-obvious products, processes, inventions, machines, asexual reproducing plants
Term
What cannot be patented?
Definition

laws of nature

natural phenomenon

abstract ideas

Term
How long is a patent good for?
Definition

Designs - 14 years

Inventions - 20 years

Term
What makes a valid copyright?
Definition

1. fixed idea

2. originality

3. creative

4. use the appropiate mark

5. registered

Term
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Definition

Gives civil and criminal sanction for anyone who circumvents encryption software or other anti-piracy protections

 

Ex. regulates programs like limewire and napster

Term
Approximately what percent of goods are counterfeit in the USA?
Definition
7%
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