Term
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Definition
Behavior that causes property destruction or injury/harm to another person
(1/5 of Children with Intellectual Disability also show recurrent problems with aggression) |
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Term
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Definition
A more invasive screening technique that is usually conducted during weeks 15-20 of gestation.
They remove small amounts of amniotic fluid with a needle inserted into the abdomen of the mother. |
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Term
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Definition
| Delivery complications that interfere with the fetus's ability to obtain oxygen for extended periods of time. |
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Term
| Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) |
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Definition
| A Scientific approach to identifying a child's problematic behavior, or determining its cause or changing it. |
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Term
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Definition
Involves the heightened probability or likelihood that people with a given syndrome will exhibit certain behavioral or developmental (sequelae) relative to those without the syndrome.
Sequelae-a condition that is the consequence of a previous disease or injury. |
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Term
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Definition
A genetic screening technique that can be done earlier, usually between 8 and 12 weeks gestation.
The physician takes a small amount of chorionic villi, the wisp-like tissue that connects the placenta to the wall of the uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
-Serum Screening
- Amniocentesis
-Chorionic Villus Sampling |
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Term
| Causes of Cultural-Familial Intellectual Disability |
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Definition
-Socioeconomic Status
-Ethnicity
Home Environment |
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Term
| Childhood Illness or Injury |
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Definition
Encephalitis-Swelling of the Brain Tissue
Meningitis-Inflammation of the meninges, the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
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Term
| DSM-5 Definition of Intellectual Disability |
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Definition
| Characterized by significant limitations in general mental abilities and adaptive functioning that emerge during the course of children's development. |
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Term
| Three Domains of Adaptive Functioning the DSM 5 Identifies |
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Definition
- Conceptual Skills: Understanding Language, speaking..etc
- Social Skills: Interpersonal skills, following rules, etc.
- Practical Skills: Person care, school/work skills, using money. |
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Term
| The Four Severity of Impairment within the DSM-5 |
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Definition
Mild: Concrete communication, may have difficulty regulating emotion (Adaptive Function Score:55-70)
Moderate: Shows marked differences in social and communication skills. (AFSL: 40-55)
Severe: Limited spoken language (AFS: 25-40)
Profound: Limited understanding of symbolic phrases
(AFS: <25) |
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Term
| American Association of Intellectual Disability (AAIDD) Focus that differs from the DSM-5 |
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Definition
| Needed Support: a broad array of assistance that helps the individual function effectively in society. |
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Term
| Global Development Delay (GDD) |
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Definition
A neurodevelopment disability that is only diagnosed in children less than 5 years of age. When the child fails to meet developmental milestones.
pg. 95 |
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Term
Causes of Global Development Dely
Chromosomal Microarray (CMA) |
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Definition
| Standard test for Children with GDD; this test identifies copy number variants in major regions of the genome. |
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Term
| Lists of Challenging Behaviors |
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Definition
Stereotypies
Self Injurious Behavior
Physical Aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior performed in a consistent, rigid, and repetitive manner and that have no immediate, practical significance. |
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Term
| Self-Injurious Behavior (SIB) |
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Definition
| Involves repetitive movements of the hands, limbs, or head in a manner that can, or do cause physical harm or damage to the person. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior that causes property destruction or injury/harm to another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of mental disorders among individuals with intellectual Disabilitys |
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Term
Diagnostic Overshadowing
Pg 101 |
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Definition
| The tendency of clinicians to attend to the features of Intellectual Disability rather than to the symptoms of coexisting mental disorders. |
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Term
Organic Intellectual Disability
pg 103 |
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Definition
| Identifiable causes for impairments. |
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Term
Cultural-Familial Intellectual Disability
Pg. 103 |
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Definition
| No clear cause for their cognitive and adaptive impairments. |
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Term
Similar Sequence Hypothesis
Pg. 103 |
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Definition
| Children with intellectual Disability progress through the same cognitive stages as typical developing children, albeit at a slower pace. |
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Term
Similar Structure Hypothesis
Pg. 103 |
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Definition
| Indicates that two children with the same mental age (one with a disability, one without) will show similar abilities. |
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Term
| Chromosomal Abnormalities |
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Definition
Down Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Angelmans's Syndrome
Williams Syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
A genetic disorder characterized by moderate to severe Intellectual Disability
Approximately 95% of cases are caused by an extra 21st Chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
The failure of the chromosome to separate during meiosis.
A cause of down syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| The child with DS inherits one chromosome from each parent and an abnormally fused chromosome from one of the parents. |
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Term
Chromosomal Mosaicism
Pg. 105 |
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Definition
The Mix of normal and abnormal genetic information
Is caused when some cells fail to separate during mitosis.
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome. |
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Term
Simultaneous Processing
Pg. 107 |
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Definition
Perceiving, organizing, and interpreting information all at once.
Boys with Fragile X Syndrome perform well in these tasks. |
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Term
Sequential Processing
Pg. 107 |
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Definition
The capacity to arrange and process information in a certain order.
Children with Fragile X Syndrome struggle with this |
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Term
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)
Pg. 107 |
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Definition
| Caused by the deletion of genetic information on a portion of chromosome 15 |
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Term
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Definition
| Maternal Unipaternal Disomy |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual with PWS eats a large a mount of food. |
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Term
Angelman's Syndrome
Pg. 108 |
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Definition
| Caused by an abnormality on chromosome 15. Same as PWS. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Genetic Disorder caused by low intellectual function |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A metabolic disorder that is caused by a recessive gene inherited from both parents.
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Term
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Definition
An essential amino acid found in certain foods to paratyrosine. In PKU the enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine is not produced by the liver.
Toxins build up which can cause brain damage and intellectual disability. |
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Term
Embryonic Teratogen Exposure
Pg. 111 |
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Definition
Disabilities can occur when children are introduced to certain toxins in the environment.
Teratogens- Environmental substances that cause maldevelopment in the fetus often resulting in Intellectual Disability. |
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Term
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Definition
Viruses acquired by the mother during pregnancy used to be a leading cause of organic Intellectual Disability.
Rubella Virus
Maternal Syphilis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Infant Health and Development Program
Pg. 115 |
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Definition
| A program to prevent the emergence of Intellectual Disability in children at risk for low IQ. |
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Term
Three ways to Monitor Child Behavior
Pg. 119 |
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Definition
Event Recording
Interval Recording
Duration Recording |
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Term
Differential Reinforcement
Pg. 120 |
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Definition
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors (DRI)
Differential Reinforcement of Zero Behavior (DRO) |
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Term
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
Pg. 120
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Definition
| The therapist provides positive reinforcement when the child engages in a behavior that is incompatible with the problematic behavior. |
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Term
Differential Reinforcement of Zero Behavior (DRO)
Pg. 120 |
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Definition
| The therapist reinforces the child for not engaging in the problematic behavior for a certain period of time. |
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