Term
|
Definition
| tumor, blister, papule, wheal |
|
|
Term
| Secondary lesion examples |
|
Definition
| irritation of primary lesion, medication, healing, natural disease progression |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diseases that often lead to pruritis |
|
Definition
| diabetes, hyperthyroidism, drug hypersenstivity |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| scratching injuries resulting in breakdown of protective barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a vascular reaction of the skin which results in appearance of a smooth, elevated areas of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may urticaria be accompanied by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can urticaria be causes |
|
Definition
| allergic response to a drug or medication |
|
|
Term
| How long does urticaria usually last |
|
Definition
| usually <2 days, can be chronic lasting months or years |
|
|
Term
| generalized eruption of the skin usually of the face, trunk, axilla, and the groin which may range from simple erythema to a raised popular appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A rash usually occurs as a result of exposure to |
|
Definition
| sun, allergen, irritant or medicaiton |
|
|
Term
| Butterfly-shaped rash across the face is typically indicative of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated skin lesions containing clear, watery, or bloody fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blisters are associated with what |
|
Definition
| genetic/autoimmune disorders, viral/bacterial infections, local skin injuries, drug induced |
|
|
Term
| skin dryness characterized by dry, rough, discolored skin with scaly desquamation. Sometimes coupled with hyperpigmentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This disorder is more prevalent in certain climates or with exposure to certain chemicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Puberty Skin Changes: Maturation of... |
|
Definition
| hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| Maturation of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands may lead to what during puberty |
|
Definition
| acne, perspiration, body odor, freckles, moles |
|
|
Term
| Skin changes during adulthood |
|
Definition
| change in hair growth patterns, hyperpigmentation in the face |
|
|
Term
| What abnormalities may result in increased facial and body hair growth in women, and in men baldness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many of these age=related changes are accelerated by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Graying of the hair, balding, skin laxity, vascular changes, loss of elasticity, wrinkling |
|
Definition
| old age related skin changes |
|
|
Term
| Degenerative changes in the skin |
|
Definition
| loss of elastin fibers in the skin, weakening of collagen, diminished subcutaneous fat |
|
|
Term
| How is contact dermatitis caused |
|
Definition
| chemical, mechanical, physical, biologic agent |
|
|
Term
| Common triggers of contact dermatitis |
|
Definition
| nickel, chromates, wool fats, rubber and latex additives, topical antibiotics, anesthetics, silicone |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms begin within 24-48 hours with contact dermatitis |
|
Definition
| pruritis, erythema, edema |
|
|
Term
| What other symptoms may progress in regards to contact dermatitis |
|
Definition
| oozing blisters with watery discharge, crusting, scaling |
|
|
Term
| Contact Dermatitis PTI: Patient focus |
|
Definition
| assess patient's skin prior to and after the use of any substance |
|
|
Term
| Contact Dermatitis PTI: Cautions |
|
Definition
| when using products potentially containing silicone, various creams/oils, latex, or adhesives |
|
|
Term
| How is stasis dermatitis caused? |
|
Definition
| edema in the leg forms as a result of immobility and compromised venous return |
|
|
Term
| Edema which causes stasis dermatitis leads to what |
|
Definition
| slowing of venous return and hypoxia and necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Stasis dermatitis: Clinical Picture |
|
Definition
| pruritis, heaviness in the leg, brown-stained skin, open lesions and wounds which are very slow to heal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exercise, compressive garments, gait training |
|
|
Term
| How do skin infections usually occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin infections may be caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for skin infections |
|
Definition
| decresaed immune resistance, dehydrated skin, burns, pressure ulcers, decresased blood flow, poor hygiene, overcrowded living conditions |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue caused by infection of the skin by either the Strep or Staph bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are other predisposing factors for cellulitis |
|
Definition
| leg edema, cutaneous wounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection of nearby lymph vessels |
|
|
Term
| how is lymphangitis identified by |
|
Definition
| appearance of red streaks extending from the original reddened area |
|
|
Term
| cellulitis clinical picture |
|
Definition
| skin redness, swelling, tenderness, lymphangitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A dormant VZV is ______ multiple times thoguht the lifespan but it is usually _____ from antibiotics to the initial infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the case of an immunocompromised individual, the virus multiplies where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shingles multiply in the nerve's ganglia results in what |
|
Definition
| destruction of the host neuron, spreading down the sensory nerves to the skin |
|
|
Term
| How is herpes zoster usually identified |
|
Definition
| unilateral formation of blisters along the dermatome of the affected nerve |
|
|
Term
| Herpes zoster involves the trunk or in the distribution of which nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign, malignant, premalignant |
|
|
Term
| What triggers Malignant Melanoma |
|
Definition
| UV damaging DNA inside the nucleus of the epidermal cells |
|
|
Term
| UV damaging DNA inside of the epidermal cells causes what to happen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the DNA is not repaired properly what happens |
|
Definition
| further damage and cell death |
|
|
Term
| Sun exposure can cause malignancy, meaning what |
|
Definition
| replication of damaged, mutated melanocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refer to doctor, dermatologist, ABCD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most beningn moles are symmetrical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poorly defined edges may indicate malignancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in color can indicate malignancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign moles tend not to be larger than a pencil's eraser |
|
|
Term
| a chronic inherited recurrent inflammatory dermatosis characterized by well-defined red plaques covered with a silvery scale |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The life cycle of skin's keratinocyte is approximately what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take keratinocytes to move superficiallly from the lower epidermis to the stratum corneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once the keratinocytes reach the stratum corneum, how long do they typically live |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to keratinocytes after 28 days |
|
Definition
| sloughed off from wear and tear |
|
|
Term
| How long is the turnover time of keratinocyes with psoriasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the short turn over time of the keratinocytes mean |
|
Definition
| cells never reach maturity |
|
|
Term
| WIth the keratonicytes never reaching maturity, what do they do |
|
Definition
| stick together and build up in the skin |
|
|
Term
| Immature Keratinocytes sticking together results in what |
|
Definition
| flaky and thick stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
| What is another theory for the occurence of psoriasis |
|
Definition
| immune system dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Psoriasis clinical picture |
|
Definition
| reddened papules, blisters, plaques covered with a silvery scale |
|
|
Term
| Where does psoriasis usually affect |
|
Definition
| scalp, chest, nails, elbows, knees, groin, skin fold, low back, buttocks |
|
|
Term
| 10% of those with psoriasis develop this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| education on steroid creams, relaxation and stress management, UVR lamps in the clinic |
|
|
Term
| Widespread small vessel vasculopathy and fibrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during scleroderma: 1 |
|
Definition
| relentless depositon of collagen in the blood vessels, percapillary space, skin's interstitum |
|
|
Term
| What happens during scleroderma: 2 |
|
Definition
| deposition of collagen results in endothelial injury, microvascular lesions, thickening of vascular walls of all organs involved, including skin |
|
|
Term
| What happens during scleroderma: 3 |
|
Definition
| autonomic nerve dysfunction followins in gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems |
|
|
Term
| What happens during scleroderma: 4 |
|
Definition
| altered vascular function leads to increased vasospasm, decreased vasodilation capacity, increased adhesiveness of blood vessels to platelets and lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| How many stages are there to scleroderma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bilateral ptting edma is present in hands>feet |
|
|
Term
| After several weeks to months of chronic edema, the edema is replaced by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skin becomes tight, smooth, waxy and appears to adhere to underlying tissue |
|
|
Term
| loss of skin folds, especially in the fact, decreased flexibility and changes in the skin's pigment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skin atrophies especially at the site of flexion contractures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thinning of the skin may lead to cutaneous ulcerations |
|
|
Term
| Other manifestations of scleroderma: raynauds |
|
Definition
| vasoconstriction of the extremities blood vessels leading to blanching, cyanosis, erythema |
|
|
Term
| Scleroderma NM manifestations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What therapy to try for scleroderma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why try aquatic therapy for scleroderma NM manifestations |
|
Definition
| unweight joints, decrease pain, increase joint motions |
|
|
Term
| Scleroderma, visceral manifestations |
|
Definition
| decreased mobility due to scarring may inpepded normal function of organs/tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of body fat, old age, homelessness, substance abuse, cardiac disease, pscyhiatric disease, smoking |
|
|
Term
| At what tissue temperature do ice crystals form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when ice crystals form in the tissues |
|
Definition
| localized cold-related injuris including cell compression and rupture of cell membranes |
|
|
Term
| Upon warming and thawing of tissues what happesn |
|
Definition
| capillary permeability increases, histamine is released, microvessels can be occluded |
|
|
Term
| if microvessels are occluded what happens |
|
Definition
| oxygen and nutrients cannot be delivered leading to potential tissue death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| application of cold modalities should be done carefully |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affect the subcutaneous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method for figuring burn size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Front=Back=Leg=Leg>arm, arm, head, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation |
|
|
Term
| A systemic effect is seen with burns that involve what percentage of TBSA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased capillary permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased intravascular blood volume, hypovolema, increased heart rate, decreased cardiac output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IV fluids to replenish blood volume, avoid hypovolemia, shock, death |
|
|
Term
| Burns: Renal and GI changes |
|
Definition
| loss of blood volume in extensive burns, >25%, leads to renal and intestine dysfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary artery hypertension and decreased lung compliance, Atelectasis can occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| overall system is depressed which increases risk of life-threnitening infection and sepsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depends on depth, extent, location of the burn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects dermis, large painful blisters, discoloration, edema, shiny weeping skin surfaces |
|
|
Term
| How long does a superficial partial thickness burn take to heal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does a deeper partial thickness burn take to heal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is there an elevated risk of infection with burns? |
|
Definition
| blistering and disruption of the skin |
|
|
Term
| Full thickness burns are characterized by what |
|
Definition
| deep discoloration, dry surfaces, edema, exposed fat |
|
|
Term
| Full thickness burns have a potential for what |
|
Definition
| hypertrophic scarring and contracture |
|
|
Term
| How long will it take a full thickness burn to heal |
|
Definition
| weeks to months with possible skin grafts needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| splinting and positioning to avoid contractures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep breathing, promote wound heailng, assist with functional mobility, watch for potential medical complications, monitor vital signs, talk with patient, inspect wounds |
|
|
Term
| Breakdown of the skin, and possibly subcutaneous tissue, caused by unrelenting pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are pressure sores more common? |
|
Definition
| heels, elbows, sacrum, greater trochanters |
|
|
Term
| How many stages of pressure sores are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage is the worst for a pressure ulcer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pressure Sores pathophys: 1 |
|
Definition
| continuous pressure compresses capillaries and occludes blood flow |
|
|
Term
| Pressure Sores pathophys: 2 |
|
Definition
| tearing or shearing of blood vessels may also occur with movement of the skin layers in opposite directions |
|
|
Term
| Pressure Sores pathophys: 3 |
|
Definition
| plately aggregation occurs causing thrombi, occluding blood flow, and causing necrosis of tissue. Elvates risk of bacterial invasion and infection |
|
|
Term
| How often should a patient with no volitional movement and those that are incontinent be repositioned? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keep patient, clean, dry, monitor for S/S, positioning |
|
|
