extremity

skin

hard, hardening

Outer protective covering of the body that can be divided into five strata (in order as the layers evolve and mature)

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Stratum germinativum

also known as

Stratum basale

Innermost epidermal layer responsible for regeneration of the epidermis. Damage to this layer, as in severe burns, necessitates the use of skin grafts (SG). Melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, is formed in this layer (remember that melan/o means black). The more abundant the melanin, the darker the color of the skin.

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Means "spiny layer." Each time a stem cell divides, one of the daughter cells is pushed into this layer. Contains Langerhans cells, which are responsible for stimulating a defense against invading microorganisms and superficial skin cancers.

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Large amounts of kertain, a protein substance, is made. In humans, kertain is the basic structural component of hair and nails.

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Present in thick skin of the palms and soles. Cells are flattened, densely packed, and filled with keratin.

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Outermost, horny layer, consisting of dead cells. Cells active in the keratinization process, during which the cells lose their nuclei and become hard or horny. Forms protective covering for the body.

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Nourishes the epidermis, provides strength, and supports blood vessels.

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produce ridges that are one's fingerprints

Supports, nourishes, insulates, and cusions the skin

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Nails

Inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands and the hair follicles; pimples

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A rare type of acne in teenage boys, marked by inflamed, tender, ulcerative, and crusting lesions of the upper trunk and face. It has sudden onset and is characterized by fever, leukocytosis (elevated white blood cells), and an elevated sedimentation rate. About 50% of the cases have inflammation of several joints.

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Acrochordon

acr/o

chord

-on

acr/o: extremity

chord: cord

-on: pertaining to

Small outgrowth of epidermal and dermal tissue; skin tags

Actinic dermatitis

actin

-ic

dermat

-itis

actin: ray

-ic: pertaining to

dermat: skin

-itis: inflammation

Inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to radiant energy, such as x-rays, ultraviolet light, and sunlight

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Albinism

albin

-ism

albin: white

-ism: condition

Genetic cndition in which there is partial or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes.

Alopecia

a-

lopec

-ia

a-: without, lack of

lopec: fox mange

-ia: condition

Absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; baldness; {insert term here} areata is loss of hair in defined patches, usually involving the scalp. Male pattern {insert term here} begins in the frontal area and proceeds until only a horseshoe area of the hair remains in the back and temples.

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Anhidrosis

an-

hidr

-osis

an-: without, lack of

hidr: sweat

-osis: condition

Abnormal condition in which there is a lack of or complete absence of sweating. May be congenital or disease related, generalized or localized, temporary or permanent.

Autograft

auto-

-graft

auto-: self

-graft: pencil, grafting knife

Graft taken from one part of the patient's body and transferred to another part of that same patient

avulsion

a-

vuls

-ion

a-: away from

vuls: to pull

-ion: process

Process of forcibly tearing off a part or structure of the body, such as a finger or toe

Basal Cell Carinoma

(BCC)

Injury in which a part of the skin is torn by an insect, animal, or human, resulting in a combination of an abrasion, puncture, or laceration.

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larger blister; a bleb

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Injury to tissue caused by heat, fire, checmical agents, electricity, lightning, or radiation; classified according to the degree or depth of skin damage. The three classification are first degree, second degree, and third degree.

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Superficial partial thickness: damages only outer layer of skin; burn is painful and red; heals in a few days (e.g. suburn)

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Partial thickness; involves epidermis and upper layers of dermis; may have sparing of sweat glands and sebaceous glands; heals in 10-14 days

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Third degree burn

Full Thickness; involves all of the epidermis and dermis; may also involve underlying tissue; nerve ending usually destroyed; requires skin grafting

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Callus

Infection of the skin or mucous membranes with any species of Candida but chiefly Candida albincans. Candida is a genus of yeasts and was formerly called Monilia.

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Infection of the subcutaneous tissue, usually composed of a cluster of boils.

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Causalgia

caus

-algia

caus: heat

-algia: pain

Intense burning pain associated with trophic skin changes in the hand or foot after trauma to the part.

Cellulitis

cellul

-itis

cellul: little cell

-itis: inflammation

An acute diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

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Cutaneous

cutane

-ous

cutane: skin

-ous: pertaining to

Pertaining to the skin

Decubitus (decub) ulcer

de-

cubit

-us

de-: down

cubit: to lie

-us: pertaining to

An area of skin and tissue that becomes injured or broken down. Also known as a bedsore or pressure ulcer. The literal meaning of the word decubitus is a lying down.

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Surgical complication where there is separation or bursting open of a surgical wound

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Dermatitis

dermat

-itis

dermat: skin

-itis: inflammation

Inflammation of the skin (can be caused by numerous things, but also by some plants, like poison ivy)

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dermatologist

dermat/o

log

-ist

dermat/o: skin

log: study of

-ist: one who specializes

Physician who specializes in the study of the skin

Dermatology (Derm)

dermat/o

-logy

dermat/o: skin

-logy: study of

study of the skin

dermatome

derm/a

-tome

derm/a: skin

-tome: instrument to cut

Surgical instrument used to cut the skin for grafting

dermomycosis

derm/o

myc

-osis

derm/o: skin

myc: fungus

-osis: condition

Skin condition caused by a fungus

ecchymosis

ec-

chym

-osis

ec-: out

chym: juice

-osis

Abnormal condition in which the blood seeps into the skin causing discolorations ranging from blue-black to greenish yellow

Redness of the skin; may be caused by capillary congestion, inflammation, heat, sunlight, or cold termperature. Erythema infectiosum is known as Fifth disease, a mild, moderately contagious disease caused by the human parovirus B-19. It is most commonly seen in school-age children and is thought to be spread via respiratory secretions from infected persons.

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erythroderma

erythr/o

-derma

erythr/o: red

-derma: skin

Abnormalredness of the skin occurring over widespread areas of the body

excoriation

ex-

coriat

-ion

ex-: out

coriat: corium

-ion: process

Abrasion of the epidermis by scratching, trauma, chemicals, or burns

folliculitis

follicul

-itis

follicul: little bag

-itis: inflammation

Inflammation of a follicle or follicles

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gangrene

An inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpes virus (type I); cold sore or fever blister

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hidradenitis

hidr

aden

-itis

hidr: sweat

aden: gland

-itis: inflammation

Inflammation of the sweat glands

hives

eruption of itching and burning swellings on the skin; urticaria

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hyperhidrosis

hyper-

hidr

-osis

hyper-: excessive

hidr: sweat

-osis: condition

Abnormal condition of excessive sweating

hypodermic

hypo-

derm

-ic

hypo- : under

derm: skin

-ic: pertaining to

Pertaining to under the skin or inserted under the skin, as a hypodermic injection

icteric

icter

-ic

icter: jaundice

-ic: pertaining to

Pertaining to jaundice

Skin infection marked by vesicles or bullae; usually caused by streptococci (strep) or staphylococci (staph)

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integumentary

integument

-ary

integument: a covering

-ary: petaining to

Covering; the skin, consisting of the dermis and the epidermis

Intradermal (ID)

intra-

derm

-al

intra- :within

derm: skin

-al: pertaining to

pertaining to within the skin, as an intradermal injection

jaundice

jaund

-ic(e)

Jaund: yellow

-ic(e): pertaining to

Yellow; a symptom of a disease in which there is excessive bile in the blood; the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes are yellow; icterus

keloid

kel

-oid

kel: tumor

-oid: resemble

Overgrowth of scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation

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leukoderma

leuk/o

-derma

leuk/o: white

-derma: skin

Localized loss of pigmentation of the skin

leukoplakia

leuk/o

plak

-ia

leuk/o: white

plak: plate

-ia: condition

White spots or patches formed on the mucous membrane of the tongue or cheek; the spots are smooth, hard, and irregular in shape and can become malignant

melanocarcinoma

melan/o

carcin

-oma

melan/o: black

carcin: cancer

-oma: tumor

Cancerous tumor that has black pigmentation

melanoma

melan

-oma

melan: black

-oma: tumor

Cancer that develops in the pigment of cells of the skin; malignate black mole or tumor. Often the first sign of melanoma is change in the size, shape, or color of a mole. The ABCD's of melanoma describe the changes that can occur in a mole using the letters

A-Assymetry

B-border; the edges are ragged, notched, or blurred.

C- color; is uneven, shades of black, brown, or tan are present. Areas of white red or blue may be seen

D-diameter; there is a change in size

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miliaria

miliar

-ia

miliar: millet (tiny)

-ia: condition

Called prickly heat; commonly seen in newborns and/or infants. It is caused by excessive body warmth. There is a retention of sweat in the sweat glands, which have become blocked or inflamed, and then rupture or leak into the skin. Miliaria appears as a rash with tiny pinhead-sized papules, vesicles, and/or pustules.

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onychitis

onych

-itis

onych: nail

-itis: inflammation

inflammation of the nail

pachyderma

pachy

-derma

pachy: thick

-derma: skin

Thick skin

paronychia

par-

onych

-ia

par-:around

onych: nail

-ia: condition

Infectious cnodition of the marginal structures around the nail

pediculosis

pedicul

-osis

pedicul: a louse

-osis: condition

Condition of infestation with lice

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pruritis

prurit

-us

prurit: itching

-us: pertaining to

Servere itching

Chronic skin condition characterized by frequent episodes of redness, itching, and thick, dry scales on the skin

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purplish discoloration of the skin caused by extravastion of blood into the tissues

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rhytidoplasty

rhytid/o

-plasty

rhytid/o: wrinkle

-plasty: surgical repair

Plastic surgery for the removal of wrinkles

a chronic disease of the skin of the face marked by varying degrees of papules, pustules, erythema, telangectasia, and hyperplasia of the soft tissues of the nose; usually occurs in the middle-aged and older people

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any rose-colored rash marked by maculae or red spots on the skin

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contagious skin disease characterized by papules, vesicles, pustules, burrows, and intense itching; it is caused by an arachnid, Sarcoptes scabiei, variety hominis, the itch mite, and is also called the itch.

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scleroderma

scler/o

-derma

scler/o: hard, hardening

-derma: skin

Chronic condition with hardening of the skin and other connective tissues of the body

seborrhea

seb/o

-rrhea

seb/o: oil

-rrhea: flow

Excessive flow (secretion) of oil from the sebaceous glands

senile keratosis

senile

kerat

-osis

senile: old

kerat: horn

-osis: condition

Condition occuring in older people wherein there is dry skin and localized scaling caused by excessive exposure to the sun.

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malignant tumor of squamous epithelial tissue

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streaks or lines on the breasts, thighs, abdomen, or buttocks caused by weakening of elastic tissue. Can be caused by obesity or result of pregnancy

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subcutaneous (Sub-Q, sub Q)

sub-

cutane

-ous

sub- : below

cutane: skin

-ous: pertaining to

Pertaining to below the skin, as a subcutaneous injection

subungual

sub-

ungu

-al

sub-: below

ungu: nail

-al: pertaining to

pertaining to below the nail

telangiectasia

tel

ang/i

-ectasia

tel: end, distant

ang/i: vessel

-ectasia: dilation

A vascular lesion formed by dilation of a group of small blood vessels that may appear as a birthmark

thermanesthesia

therm

an-

-esthesia

therm: hot, heat

an- : without, lack of

-esthesia: sensation

Inability to distinguish between the sensations of heat and cold

Contagious skin diseases affecting both humans and domestic animals, caused by certain fungi and marked by the localized apearance of discolored, scaly patches on the skin; also called ringworm

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trichomycosis

trich/o

myc

-osis

trich/o: hair

myc: fungus

-osis condition

Fungal condition of the hair

open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane

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contagious viral disease characterized by fever, headache, and a crop of red spots that become macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts; also called chickenpox

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a skin lesion with a rough papillomatous surface (of viral origin) on the epidermis; verruca. A plantar wart, known as verruca plantaris occurs on a pressure-bearing area, especially the sole of the foot

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xanthoderma

xanth/o

-derma

xanth/o: yellow

-derma: skin

Yellowness of the skin

xanthoma

xanth

-oma

xanth: yellow

-oma: tumor

Literally means yellow tumor; a soft, rounded plaque or nodule, usually on the eyelids, especially near the inner canthus

xeroderma

xer/o

-derma

xer/o: dry

-derma: skin

dry skin

xerosis

xer

-osis

xer: dry

-osis: condition

Abnormal dryness of skin, mucous membranes, or the conjunctiva

local anesthetic agents

antihistamine agents

antibiotic agents

antiseptic agents

performed to identify the presence of the Tubercle bacilli. The tine, Heaf, or Mantoux tests are used. The tine and Heaf tests are intradermal tests performed using a sterile, disposable, multiple-puncture lancet. The tubercilin is on metal tines that are pressed into the skin. A hardened raised area at the test site 48-72 hours later indicates the presence of pathogens in the body.

The Mantoux test involves 0.1 mL of purpied protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin is intradermally injected. Test results are read 48-72 hours after administration

onychomycosis

onych/o

myc

-osis

onych/o: nail

myc: fungus

-osis: condition

A fungal infection of the nails.

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