Term
| The largest organ of the body is the ______________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Skin is approximately what % of the total body weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary function of the skin? |
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Definition
| Protect the body and internal organs |
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Term
| Aside from the skin itself, what else is considered part of it? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Glands, nails, and hair are part of the integument system |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. The skin protects the body from infrared radiation |
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Definition
| F - the skin protects the body from ultraviolet radiation |
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Term
| T/F. The greatest barrier to microorganisms is saliva and mucous |
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Definition
| F - skin is the greatest barrier our body has to microorganisms |
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Term
| Primary functions of skin are (4) |
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Definition
1. barrier against microorganisms,
2. ultraviolet radiation,
3. prevents loss of body fluids,
4. resists stress of mechanical forces |
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Term
Secondary skin functions include all of the following except:
regulate temperature,
assist in vitamin K production,
detect touch sensation,
perceive pressure |
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Definition
| Vitamin K production. This is NOT done by the skin. The skin helps produce Vit. D. |
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Term
| When testing skin's fine touch sensation, a nurse might use a ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sensors in skin that perceive pressure and touch |
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Term
| The three layers of the skin are? |
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Definition
Epidermis,
dermis and
subcutaneous (Dr. Walsh has it that way on her slide.) |
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Term
| T/F. The dermis is the outermost layer of skin |
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Definition
| F - The dermis is under the Epidermis (which is outermost.) |
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Term
| Keratinocytes and melanocytes are found in what layer of skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mast cells, histocytes, collagen, elastin, hair follicles, oil & sweat glands, blood & lymph vessels. All are found in this layer: |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. The dermis has a protective layer of karatinocytes. |
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Definition
| F - keratinocytes are found in the epidermis |
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Term
| T/F. Nerves are found in the dermis, but not the epidermis |
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Definition
| T - a very light scratch or cut should not cause pain, though you would still feel the touch and pressure from the nerves in the dermis. |
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Term
| Adipocytes are found in what part of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. A common area for a nurse to administer a shot is in the epidermis. |
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Definition
| F - Subcutaneous is a common area to administer a shot |
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Term
| Intradermal shots are administered into which skin layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| A flat circumscribed area that is a changed in the color of the skin and less than 1 cm in diameter is a |
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Definition
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Term
| Freckles, flat moles, petechiae, measles and scarlet fever are all types of this lesion: |
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Definition
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Term
| A papule is characterized by,________ |
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Definition
| elevated, firm, circumscribed area < 1cm |
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Term
| A wart is an example of this skin lesion |
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Definition
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Term
| When a lesion is flat, non-palpable, irregular in shape, and >1 cm in diam, it is called a? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Port-wine stains" and "Mongolian spots" are examples of this type of lesions |
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Definition
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Term
A lesion known as a plaque is characterized by all of the following except?
elevated,
firm,
rough,
round top,
> 1cm diam. |
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Definition
| The top is not round. It is flat |
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Term
| Plaques are commonly seen in what skin conditions? |
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Definition
| Psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratoses |
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Term
| Wheals are characterized by? |
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Definition
| elevated, irregular shaped are of cutaneous edema; solid, transient; variable diam. |
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Term
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Definition
insect bites,
urticarial,
allergic reactions |
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Term
| When bitten by an insect, the most likely skin lesion you will have is a(n)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure ulcers result from? |
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Definition
Unrelieved pressure,
shearing forces,
friction,
moisture. |
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Term
All of the following can contribute to decubitus ulcers except:
pressure,
kneading forces,
friction,
moisture |
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Definition
| Kneading pressure. Shearing forces can contribute, but kneading would increase blood flow in the area |
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Term
| Pressure ulcer risk factors |
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Definition
Elderly,
immobility (e.g. prolonged bed rest,)
poor turning skills,
incontinence,
nutritional deficiencies |
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Term
| T/F. Incontinence can contribute to pressure ulcers |
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Definition
| T. consistent, excess, acidic moisture can result in skin break-down |
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Term
| Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin would be considered this level of pressure ulcer |
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Definition
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Term
| A Stage I pressure ulcer would appear as___________ |
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Definition
| non-blanchable erythema of intact skin. |
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Term
| If a pressure ulcer did not penetrate through the dermal layer, it would be considered |
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Definition
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Term
| Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis or dermis is what stage pressure ulcer? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Stage II decubitus ulcers involve damage to subcutaneous tissue |
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Definition
| F - Subcutaneous damage is a characteristic of Stage III ulcers |
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Term
| When the client has full-thickness integument damage from prolonged immobility and lack of positional changes, he/she has |
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Definition
| a stage III pressure ulcer |
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Term
| T/F. A pressure ulcer that is known to penetrate muscle, bone or supporting structure is considered Stage IV |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. A pressure ulcer that is hard to classify due to drainage, tunneling or purulent discharge is "unfathomable." |
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Definition
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Term
| The margins of a keloid scar would appear __________ |
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Definition
elevated,
irregular, and
beyond the wound margins. |
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Term
| Excessive collagen formation during wound repair may result in a |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Fair skinned people are more likely to have keloid scarring |
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Definition
| F - keloid scarring is more common in people with higher melanin concentration and those who've been burned. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a factor in keloid formation?
light skin,
burn trauma,
foreign material in skin,
poorly aligned wound tension |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Stasis dermatitis results from topical exposure to allergens |
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Definition
| F - Stasis dermatitis results from veinous insufficiencies. Normally seen in legs and can also result from edema or vascular trauma |
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Term
| A clinical manifestations of stasis dermatitis would be (5) |
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Definition
Erythema,
pruritus,
scaling,
petechiae,
ulcers |
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Term
| A common name for dermatitis is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Exposure to certain plants, chemicals or other products can cause a skin reaction known as ___________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Psoriasis is acute or chronic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would psoriasis be commonly seen and why? |
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Definition
| At the pool. It is exposed when bathing suits are donned. |
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Term
| T/F. Psoriasis is a communicable disease |
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Definition
| F - it is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease |
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Term
| Psoriasis results in a ____________ of dermal and epidermal layers |
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Definition
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|
Term
The lesions of psoriasis are (pick one each) scaly/smooth,
think/thin,
silvery/tan,
flat/raised. |
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Definition
| Scaly, thick, silvery, elevated |
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Term
| Where are psoriasis lesions typically seen? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Folliculitis is normally found in/around nail beds |
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Definition
| F - it is normally starts in a hair follicle |
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Term
| Boils are also known as _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do furuncles/boils come from? |
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Definition
| Folliculitis spreads through follicular walls into dermis. |
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Term
| A common cause of folliculitis and boils is this organism |
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Definition
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Term
Common viral causes of skin lesions include all of the following except:
1. herpes simplex,
2. s. aureous,
3. herpes zoster,
4. shingles |
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Definition
| S. aureus - it's a bacterium, not a virus. |
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Term
| Pain/paresthesia associated w/ viral lesions is often localized along _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Late viral infections may manifest as vesicular eruptions along these dermatomes (3) |
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Definition
facial,
cervical,
thoracic lumbar |
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Term
| Shingles is a manifestation of this formerly dormant virus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Herpes zoster is commonly known as __________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
Uticaria demonstrate all the following symptoms except:
1. raised area,
2. erythema,
3. canker,
4. edema |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Hives are synonymous with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hives are a type ____ hypersensitivity reaction that are Ig ____ mediated |
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Definition
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Term
| Sclerosis of the skin is known as __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Scleroderma is _________________ |
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Definition
| sclerosis of the skin caused by an autoimmune disorder |
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Term
| T/F. Scleroderma, an affliction of the skin, can affect internal organs |
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Definition
| T - it can progress to internal organs and involves connective tissue of the organs. |
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Term
| What % of scleroderma victims die w/in 5 years? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesions w/ high collagen content, inflammation, vascular alterations, & capillary dilation characterize which skin malady? |
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Definition
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|
Term
All of the following are characteristics of scleroderma:
1. abnormally soft skin,
2. hypopigmentation,
3. taut skin,
4. skin tightly connected to underlying tissue |
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Definition
| 1. soft skin. Sclerodermic skin is hard. |
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Term
| T/F. Facial skin in scleroderma tightens such that the nares are impeded and the client cannot breath. |
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Definition
| F. The sclerodermic's mouth may not open as a result of tightening skin. |
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Term
| The sclerodermics' _________ may curl up, and the ends may atrophy. |
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Definition
| hands. fingers are tapered and flexed and nails and finger tips can be lost |
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Term
| Approximately ___% of all cancer is skin cancer |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This skin cancer does not invade the lymph and is most common in those lacking melanin |
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Definition
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Term
| If not treated, this cancer can be invasive and malignant. It may extend through the epidermis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Basal cell carcinoma most frequently occurs on which part of the skin? |
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Definition
| That which is most frequently exposed to the sun. |
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Term
| Squamous cell carcinoma may manifest as these on the skin. |
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Definition
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Term
| This skin cancer is staged, malignant, and has poor survival rate when advanced. |
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Definition
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Term
| Melanomas are a degeneration of the _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| This skin cancer is associated with immune deficiencies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kaposi sarcoma appears as _____________ and may feel _____________ |
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Definition
| purple-brown macule; pruritic & painful |
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Term
Which of following masses is not benign?
1. seborrheick karatosis,
2. karatoacanthoma,
3. actinic karatosis,
4. cutaneous melanoma |
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Definition
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Term
| Cutaneous injury resulting from thermal, chemical or electrical sources. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Caustic agents might cause this type of damage to the integument |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Burns are often associated with other types of injuries such as __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Burns can be multi-system and manifest these additional clinical signs |
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Definition
Shock,
inflammation,
immune compromise |
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|
Term
Which of the following is not caused by burn injuries:
1. Shock,
2. Inflammation,
3. Copious beer consumption,
4. compromised immune system. |
|
Definition
Really . . . do I have to tell you the answer to this one.
ps - if you've read my cards before, you knew this was coming ;-> |
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|
Term
| T/F. Burns are categorized from class A to class D. |
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Definition
| F. Burns are classified 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree |
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|
Term
| First degree burns demonstrate these signs: |
|
Definition
Partial thickness,
destruction of EPIdermis,
no underlying injury,
local pain & erythema,
possible blistering |
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Term
| A burn that is superficial to deep, has partial thickness tissue damage, with damage to EPIdermis and dermis is: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Second degree burns have ____ categories |
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Definition
| Two: Superficial and Deep |
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Term
| T/F. Superficial 2nd degree burns have thin walled, fluid filled blister and almost no pain. |
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Definition
| F. They have the blisters, but are painful as the nerves have not been destroyed as in 3rd degree burns. |
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Term
| Deep 2nd degree burns appear waxy, involve the entire dermis and may take (Which time) to heal |
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Definition
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Term
| A full thickness burn with no pain, and with charred tissue is a ________ degree burn. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of 3rd degree burns.
1. full thickness,
2. destruction of all skin layers and subcut. tissue, 3. White appearance,
4. Loss of elasticyty,
5. They are all 3rd degree burn characteristics |
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Definition
| 5. They are all characteristics |
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Term
| T/F. 3rd degree burns are painless |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Why are third degree burns painless? |
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Definition
| Total destruction of the nociceptive nerves. |
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|
Term
| Tissue surrounding a 3rd degree burn is dry and dehydrated. What is often used to help maintain hydration? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| T/F. The rule of 7's is used to calculate a burn vicitims injury |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When calculating surface area burned on a victim, the head and arms each acount for what percent of overall area? |
|
Definition
| 4 1/2% each on anterior or posterior only. Or 9% total per appendage. |
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|
Term
| The groin is ___% of surface area when calculating a burn |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Severity of burns is dicated by these issues (5) |
|
Definition
Age,
Medical Hx,
extent of injury,
depth of injury ,
body area involved |
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|
Term
| What two cardiovascular issues are present in burn injuries? |
|
Definition
| hypovolemic shock (third spacing) and decreased cardiac contractility |
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|
Term
Which of the following is related to burn injuries?
1. hyper pigmentation,
2. full-thickness metastases,
3. evaporative water loss,
4. partial paralysis. |
|
Definition
| 3. evaporative water loss |
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|
Term
| These are physilogic responses to burn injury (5) |
|
Definition
Cardiovasc. (inc. hypovolemic shock),
Cellular response,
metabolic response,
immunologic response,
evaporative loss.
What do these mean? |
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|
Term
| Burn injury will likely have associated . . . . |
|
Definition
Edema,
hypovolemia,
acidosis,
depressed cardiac function, and
Multiorgan dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Burns may result in MODS which is . . . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two major issues in severe burns are? |
|
Definition
| dehydration and infection |
|
|
Term
| Common interventions for burn related injuries? |
|
Definition
Fluids,
electrolytes and
correction of acidosis. |
|
|
Term
| T/F. Cold can cause burn. |
|
Definition
| T - Frostbite is burnlike damage. |
|
|
Term
| The "burning reaction" of frostbite comes from |
|
Definition
| alternating cycles of vasocontriction & vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| T/F. Knees and elbows are the most commonly affected areas in frostbite |
|
Definition
| F - Fingers, toes, ears, nose and cheeks are the most likely areas to suffer frostbite. |
|
|
Term
| T/F. The warmth of smoking actually helps ward off frostbite despite its harmful effects on lungs. |
|
Definition
| F - nicotine is a vasoconstrictor and increases the chance frostbite will occur. |
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|
Term
| How is frostbite classified? |
|
Definition
| By the depth of injury after the tissue is rewarmed. |
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