Term
|
Definition
sense of touch, hearing, equilibrium
response to physical movement or change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sense of taste, smell
specialized cells that pick up chemicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| detect changes in temperature |
|
|
Term
| electromagnetic receptors |
|
Definition
| detect changes in light, electricity and magnetism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals that use tactile benthic feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals that have sensory hairs on their lips/jaws |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| snail shaped fluid filled tube in the inner ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can hear low frequency sounds that travel extremely long distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can hear high frequency loud sounds that travel shorter distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have good color vision and can distinguish between types of fish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the eye that animals who live in dark water rely more on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| live in dark muddy water so have terrible vision but other senses are heightened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| live in dark deep water so have large eyes to maximize light reception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can bark on land and under water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deepen the sounds they make in a nasal resonatin chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has a inflatable sac in its nose that can be pushed out to create a large red resonating chamber |
|
|
Term
warnings btwn competin males
mother calling pups
alarm calls |
|
Definition
| social uses of vocalization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| who uses more sounds? pinnipeds or sirenians? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which cetacean is known for its singing |
|
|
Term
each has its own song, repeats it
females look for males with stamina/intelligence
learn song from and older whale
start singing in teenage years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| splashing, slapping, walking, tapping, lob tailing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to produce high energy sound waves and use reflection of these ways to detect changes in the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slapping the water repeatedly with a tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intensifies and directs sound in echolocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces sound by passing air through here and the nasal sacs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives sound from echolocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries impulses to the brain from echolocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulsed rather than continuous sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses longer louder low freq farther apart clicks that travel long distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use shorter, higher freq, close together clicks that travel short distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| takes sun, water, food, nutrients, and makes food; basis of the food chain |
|
|
Term
| kelp, seaweed, sea grasses, single celled organisms |
|
Definition
| primary producers in the ocean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eat the producers, hetertrophic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much food energy is passed btwn steps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| break down material and release nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of the ocean that produces the least |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| areas of the ocean that produce the most |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of biomass in a given location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the volume of biological produce per area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when cold, nutrient rich water is brought to the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small shimplike invertebrates |
|
|
Term
| sharp canines and large crushing molars |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sharp interlocking teeth for grabbing fish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teeth with curls for straining krill |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gill pleats and mid size baleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| long baleen, swim with mout open and water is strained through the side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| short thick baleen for eating benthic organisms |
|
Definition
| muddler's baleen (gray whale) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carefully choose and eat small stones for unknown reasons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique used by humpback whales to round up schools of fish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another word for generalist feeders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduces competition btwn similar species who live in the same general environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small animals have what kind of metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large animals have what kind of metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller animals reach maturity ____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger animals reach maturity ______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller animals have a _____ gestation period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger animals have a ______ gestation period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of offspring marine mammals usually have |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller animals have a ________ reproductive interval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger animals have a _______ reproductive interval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one male breeds with many females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gangs of non breeding males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reproductive life span of males in polygynous societies is _________ than that of females |
|
|
Term
| repeated mating, flushing out, vaginal plugs |
|
Definition
| types of sperm competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a male that hangs out around the edge of a male's territory and secretly mates with his females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one female mates with many males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marine mammal who is polyandrous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shrinkage of the veins that occurs in cold conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primates, rodents, insectivores, carnivores |
|
Definition
| animals that have baculums (PRIC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of females protected by a male |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenomenon in some marine mammals that keeps breeding and calving on schedule with the seasons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mating system that consists of one male and one female |
|
|
Term
| promiscuous mating system |
|
Definition
| mating system that consists of copulation not directly related to reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marine mammal that seems to have recreational sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natal coat that pinnipeds are born with to insulate them until they grow a blubber layer |
|
|
Term
| norther elephant seals and CA sea lions |
|
Definition
| animals that will "adopt" orphaned pups or take on a new pup if their own dies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give birth on a beach or island |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give birth in calm, protective, warm bays |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body part most receptive to tactile information |
|
|
Term
| touch; no vasoconstriction in the whisker area |
|
Definition
| what sense do marine mammals not lose in cold conditions and why |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| informs animals of changes or disturbances in the water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much faster does sound travel in water than on land |
|
|
Term
| high frequency sound in the jaw and low frequency in the ear canal |
|
Definition
| what 2 types of hearing exist in odontocetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of inner ear found in coastal and river species, detects high frequencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of inner ear found in offshore species, detects low frequencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which type of marine mammal can hear the widest range of frequencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which types of light are marine mammals better adapted to detect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what interesting eye adaptation do some pinnipeds and odontocetes have in reaction to high illumination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what sense is reduced in mysticetes and absent in odonotoces? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which type of marine mammals has a highly developed sense of smell? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what does sensing the salinity of water tell marine mammals? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which vocalizations must be quiet, fast and hard to detect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the CA sea lion can hear best _______ |
|
|
Term
| equally over and under water |
|
Definition
| the common seal can hear best ________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the elephant seal can hear best _________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what visual signal tells other marine mammals who is vocalizing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body part that functions in respiration, sound production and diving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these function as resonators in some species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mixture of helium and oxygen that some marine mammals breathe to make clicks with greater range |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organ in the skull that sperm whales possess, possibly used for echolocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coined the term echolocation |
|
|
Term
| so they don't hit the sea floor |
|
Definition
| what do sperm whales mainly use echolocation for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| why do bowhead whales use echlocation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communication that benefits the receiver and the signaller |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communication that benefits the signaler at a cost to the receiver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communication that benefits the receiver at a cost to the signaler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what action do beak whales employ in feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fish eating otters have highly sensitive _____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foraging otters have highly sensitive________ |
|
|
Term
| large flattened molars for eating molluscs and huge canines for social reasons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these animals store energy during the breeding season for use during reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these animals must continue to feed during the breeding season |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in times of food scarcity, these animals extend their breeding season but do not change individual feeding habits |
|
|
Term
| non central place foragers |
|
Definition
| in times of food scarcity these animals eat whatever is available, |
|
|
Term
| crabeater seals and antarctic fur seals (eat only krill) |
|
Definition
| which types of pinnipeds are not generalists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in terms of ecosystems, sea otters are what type of animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consumers control abundance and diversity of species at lower trophic levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consumers are limited by the availability or resources at lower trophic levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where does reproduction occur in pinnipeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another term for implantation delay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marine mammal with the longest gestation period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in which species is the natal coat shed in utero |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| competition btwn males to locate females the most efficiently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| competition btwn males to see who can endure the longest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| competition btwn males to see who can attract the most females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how long is the period of oestrus in otariids and phocids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which type of marine mammals are sexually the most asynchronous (receptive the most) |
|
|
Term
| females leave to go to a better male's territory, safety in numbers, retain heat |
|
Definition
| reasons for female clustering |
|
|
Term
| hierarchical group structure and communal care of young |
|
Definition
| what type of social structure is present in odontocetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the only consistent social structure in sirenians |
|
|
Term
| they cannot move with as much ease on land |
|
Definition
| why do phocids not protect land territories in the same way as otariids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what type of competition is seen most commonly in phocids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| true or false, M/F sea otters are segregated outside of the breeding season |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what time of year do right whales engage in sexual activity |
|
|
Term
| young and transient males |
|
Definition
| females respond aggressively to these types of males to prevent them from mating |
|
|
Term
| outmaneuver them or roll belly up |
|
Definition
| tactics odontocetes use to avoid mating with certain males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which type of marine mammal has the shortest lactation period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which type of marine mammal has the longest lactation period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the same way most humans are usually right handed, most gray whales are ________ |
|
|
Term
| krill, small fish, invertebrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fin and minke whales are this type of feeder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| average length of a blue whale's penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blue whale is this type of feeder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| approximately how much do a right whale's testicles weigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bottlenose dolphins and northern right whales give birth about this often |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| saddleback (common) dolphins work cooperatively with which type of animal in feeding |
|
|
Term
| pacific white sided dolphin |
|
Definition
| this dolphin has a extremely strong sense of touch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which type of killer whale vocalizes the most |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where do harbor porpoises often get caught |
|
|
Term
| brown and have birth lines |
|
Definition
| newborn harbor porpoises look like this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what do baird's beaked whales eat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what time do northern fur seals feed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CA sea lions confirm a pup is their's by checking its _______ |
|
|
Term
| air breathing, endothermic, hair, milk, live birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a characteristic or a factor that increases an organism's chance of survival |
|
|
Term
| descent with modification |
|
Definition
| how did Darwin refer to evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when were the first whales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area btwn low and high tide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area where land drops off quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark deep cold pressurized part of the ocean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period when many animals developed on earth for the first time |
|
|
Term
| circum arctic distribution |
|
Definition
| animal that is adapted to living in the arctic circle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms that live just below the arctic circle |
|
|
Term
| pan tropical distribution |
|
Definition
| organisms that live in the warmest waters near the equator |
|
|
Term
| cosmopolitan distribution |
|
Definition
| very wide, even global, distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of energy an animal uses to propel itself |
|
|
Term
| paddling (ex polar bears) |
|
Definition
| non specialized limbs used to push water behind the organism |
|
|
Term
| front limb propulsion (ex sea lions) |
|
Definition
| front limbs used like oars, back mostly for steering |
|
|
Term
| hind limb propulsion (ex seals) |
|
Definition
| front flippers used to move on land but in the water only back is used for steering and propulsion |
|
|
Term
| air-trachea-lungs-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli |
|
Definition
| path of air in respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where oxygen enters the capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iron based compound in red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance in the muscle tissue that binds to oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slowing of the heart rate to conserve energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased heart rate, occurs when mammal surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood flow is restricted to certain areas of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of primitive mammals that filled many niches after the extinction of dinos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant eating split hoofed mammals that many species might have evolved from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| earliest type of whales, now extinct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this type of whale has 2 nasal openings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this type of whale has a single nasal opening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| second largest whale in CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gulp feeding mysticetes (blue, fin, minke) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organ in the skull of some odontocetes that focuses and projects sound energy for echolocation |
|
|
Term
| male is high and straight, female curves backwards |
|
Definition
| what is the gender difference in the fins of killer whales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seals, sea lions and walruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in this theory of pinniped evolution, all 3 types evolved from a common ancestor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in this theory of pinniped evolution, only eared seals (otariids) and walruses (odobenids) share a common ancestor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which type of pinniped has heterodont dentition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which type of pinniped has a single pair of nipples |
|
|
Term
| elephant seals are the most sexually dimorphic even though they are phocids, who are usually not very dimorphic |
|
Definition
| what is odd about elephant seals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of thermoregulation done by swimming with the flippers out of the water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group to which the otter belongs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what happens to otters when they mate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the only completely herbivorous marine mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which sirenian has a round tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| true or false: cost of transport is about equal in marine and terrestrial animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is your location if you were watching common dolphins off the continental shelf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which pinniped group always shows sexual dimorphism in all species of the group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which group shows the greatest range in size of their largest and smallest species |
|
|
Term
| fur and production of milk |
|
Definition
| what characteristics are found only in mammals |
|
|
Term
| pinnipeds and mustelids (sea otters) |
|
Definition
| what two groups are members of the mammalian group Carnivora |
|
|
Term
| frictional and pressure drag |
|
Definition
| a hydrodynamic body reduces which two types of drag |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what major organism is important to marine mammals in the arctic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| male walrus engaging in a prolonged display for females are engaging in which type of mating strategy |
|
|
Term
| lungs-trachea-phonic lips-dorsal air sacs-melon |
|
Definition
| what is the sequence of sound production and transmission |
|
|
Term
| mandible-fat channel-auditory bulla-brain |
|
Definition
| what is the sequence of sound reception and processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which cetaceans have the longest gestation period |
|
|
Term
| endurance competition and sneaking |
|
Definition
| at an elephant seal rookery, what are the two most likely mating strategies for males |
|
|
Term
| northern fur seal and guadalupe fur seal |
|
Definition
| which two types of pinnipeds eat similar prey but do not compete, because they have geographical ranges that don't overlap |
|
|
Term
| more or less dense than water |
|
Definition
| for echolocation to work, the target must be |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area where animals come onto land for no specific purpose such as breeding or feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| name for a group of cetaceans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of organization of pods of sperm whales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of organization of killer whales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasite that lives inside the animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasite that lives outside the animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activity engaged in by juveniles, trains them for adulthood, bonding, determines status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term for when you males are kicked out by older males, esp sea otters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trash dumps of food and bone, helps archaeologists learn about feeding habits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nearby midden that has since been covered up by IKEA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most widespread subsistence hunters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| raw or boiled wale blubber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tribe that traditionally hunted whales but lost the tradition, tried to bring it back recently, very controversial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time when whaling first really started to flourish |
|
|
Term
| oil lamps, soap, lubricant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| who started yankee whaling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term for when whales are processed at sea rather than being brought back to shore |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| real whale that Moby DIck was based on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most sought after whale by whalers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what does spermaceti mean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pots where blubber was broken down on board into whale oil that could be put into barrels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what did whaling ships use as fuel in the try works |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lookout point on the boat where sailors watched for spouts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term for event after whale is harpooned and the whale boat is being dragged behind the angry whale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long spear used to kill a whale after it has been harpooned |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of knife used to slice blubber to increase the melting speed |
|
|
Term
| corsets, umbrellas, baby buggies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ivory etching often done on the teeth of sperm whales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term for when a whaling ship returned with less goods than sponsors paid for you to go |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oil derived from petroleum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two cheaper alternatives to whale oil |
|
|
Term
| 33 ships caught by arctic storm, luckily nobody died |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period after yankee whaling; characterized by newer technology and faster boats |
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Term
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Definition
| coal and diesel fired boats used to catch and bring back whales during the industrial whaling period |
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Term
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Definition
| in the industrial period, oil from blubber was now also used for this |
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Term
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Definition
| what were bones and organs used for during the industrial whaling period |
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Term
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Definition
| shoulder fired gun with an explosive tip |
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Term
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Definition
| grenade tipped harpoon fire directly from bow of the ship |
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Term
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Definition
| ramp where you dragged the whale up to the processing area |
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Term
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Definition
| new whaling boats with a slip stern where whales were processed on board |
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Term
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Definition
| ramp located at the front of the boat to drag whales aboard; used large calipers to bring them up |
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Term
| International Whaling Commission (IWC) |
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Definition
| group started in 1946 to hunt yet conserve whales |
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Term
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Definition
| complete moratorium on whaling in this year |
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Term
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Definition
| the goal of this is to maintain sustainable populations |
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Term
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Definition
| the goal of this is to maintain and increase |
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Term
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Definition
| this is when laws or regulations prevent exploitation of a certain species |
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Term
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Definition
| a species or population in danger of becoming extinct |
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Term
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Definition
| species or populations that are so low they may become endangered |
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Term
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Definition
| this group along CA and the west coast, hunted fur seals and other marine mammals but in a sustainable manner |
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Term
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Definition
| Russians harvested this type of fur seal to maintain a stable population |
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Term
| North Pacific Fur Seal Treaty 1911 |
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Definition
| first international marine mammal conservation act |
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Term
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Definition
| one chemical that contributed to the decline of the sea otter population |
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Term
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Definition
| country criticized for its brutal yearly seal harvest |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of seals actually skinned alive in the canadian whale harvest |
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Term
| mismanagement of atlantic cod fisheries |
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Definition
| real reason for canadian seal harvesting |
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Term
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Definition
| other country where many seals are killed |
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Term
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Definition
| diamond company involved in the seal slaughter in Namibia |
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Term
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Definition
| which part of the seal is used in 'traditional medicine' |
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Term
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Definition
| term for groups who partake in the illegal killing and sale of whales |
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Term
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Definition
| what country are most black market whale products shipped through |
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Term
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Definition
| vigilante anti whaling group started by Paul Watson |
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Term
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Definition
| rogue anti-whaling pirate who sinks illegal whaling ships |
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Term
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Definition
| the killing of marine mammals to preserve other species |
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Term
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Definition
| the unintentional killing of marine mammals in fishing, esp with gill nets or long line fishing |
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Term
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Definition
| abandoned fishing nets that can trap and kill marine mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| the increase of toxins up the food chain |
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Term
| petrochemicals, pesticides, heavy metals |
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Definition
| main pollutants of marine mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| type of pollution that can drive out a species from a certain area or prevent communication |
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