Term
|
Definition
| a word that describes high hardness, ceramic materials that are considered abrasive such silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, manufactured diamond, and cubic boron nitride are used in certain applications such as grinding |
|
|
Term
| Additional Polymerization |
|
Definition
| a process whereby a number of basic units (monomers) link together to form a large molecule (polymer) in which there is a repeated unit (mer) [the linking of identical monomers or where all of the original atoms appear in the product molecule] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| additional materials that are usually classified as fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, antioxidants and so on that are incorporated into plastics to improve their properties, reduce costs, improve moldability, and/or impart color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by high strength, high fracture toughness, fine grain size, litte porosity that have base materials such as silicon nitride, silicon carbide, partially stabilized zirconia, etc. with applications such as cutting tools, punches, engine components and so on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| noncrystallized structures with no long-range order of the positions of the atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (graphite fibers in a graphite or carbon matrix) offer the possibility of a heat-resistant material that could operate at temperatures above 2000 degrees C, with a strength that is 20x that of conventional graphite, a density that is 30% lighter, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| certain clays that could be mixed, shaped, and hardened by firing. These materials have played an important role in the electrical industry because of high electrical resistivity, but have characteristics such as being hard, brittle, high-melting points, low electrical and thermal conductivity, good creep resistance and so on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crystalline ceramics usually based on materials such as alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, etc. that offer light-weight, high temperature strength and stiffness, and good dimensional and environmental stability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combinations of metals and ceramics (usually oxides, carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides), united into a single product by procedures of powder metallurgy that provide high hardness, toughness, and thermal shock resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many ceramic materials have been based on this material to which various amounts of quartz and feldspar have been added. Selected proportions of this material are mixed with water, shaped, dried and fired to produce products of brick, tiles, pipe, etc. and whiteware products (ex: toilets) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-uniform solid consisting of two or more different materials that are mechanically or metallurgically bonded together |
|
|
Term
| Condensation Polymerization |
|
Definition
| a process that needs heat, pressure, or catalysts to drive the reaction, and occurs when reactive molecules combine with one another to produce a polymer plus small, by-product molecules, such as water (structures often are linear chains or 3D framework in which all atoms are linked by strong, primary bonds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special category of polymer where two different types of mers are combined into the same addition chain (expands the possibilities of creating new types of plastics with improved physical and mechanical properties) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Special category of polymers where 3 different monomers are combined. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process by linking the coiled molecules to one another by strong covalent bonds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During this process the chains closely align over appreciable distances,with a companion increase in density. In addition, the polymer becomes stiffer, harder, less ductile, and more resistant to solvents and heats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The average number of mers in the polymer. |
|
|
Term
| Dispersion-strengthened material |
|
Definition
| Particulate composites where a small amount of hard, brittle, small-size particles (typically, oxides or carbides) are dispersed throughout a softer,more ductile matrix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A special class of linear polymers that display an exceptionally large amount of elastic deformation when a force is applied. |
|
|
Term
| Fiber-reinforced composite |
|
Definition
| The most popular type of composite material, where continuous discontinuous thin fibers of one material are embedded in a matrix of another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comprise a large percentage of the total volume of a molded plastic product. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High strength; dimensional stability; translucence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involve two or more different types of fibers in a common matrix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The same kind and number of atoms can also unite in different structural arrangements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those having distinct layers of laterial bonded together in some manner and include thin coatings, thicker protective surfaces, claddings, bimetallics, laminates, sandwiches, and others. Plywood is the common. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repeated unit where a large molecule is formed from polymerization. |
|
|
Term
| Metal-matrix Composite (MMC) |
|
Definition
| Composite material with at least two constituent parts, one being a metal. The other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic compound. When at least three materials are present, it is called a hybrid composite. An MMC is complementary to a cermet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have gone through an orienting process (typically under heat) such as stretching, rolling, or extrusion to orient the molecules parallel to the applied load. This typically results in a 25% increase in tensile strength (sometimes as high as 50%). If oriented plastics are reheated, they tend to deform back to their original shape. (viscoelastic memory) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A composite material composed of particles embedded in a matrix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of various organic compounds produced by polymerization, capable of being molded, extruded, cast into various shapes and films, or drawn into filaments used as textile fibers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of various substances added to plastics or other materials to make or keep them soft or pliable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of usually high molecular weight consisting of up to millions of repeated linked units, each a relatively light and simple molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Materials (such as bricks or blocks) that do not deform significantly or change chemically when subject to high temperatures. |
|
|
Term
| Saturated & Unsaturated Monomers |
|
Definition
| Monomers are the basic units of polymers. Saturated monomers are those that have no provisions for additional atoms. Unsaturated monomers are those that have double or triple bonds between their carbon atoms and therefore could take on more hydrogen atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damn good abrasives like diamonds and cubic boron nitride. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resins like polystyrene or polyethylene that can be heated and cooled to soften and hardened as often as desired without any chemical change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unlike thermoplastics, once thermosettings are “set” they cannot be softened. They are stronger and more rigid than thermoplastics, but less ductile and impact resistant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ceramic products based on clay. Things like toilets, sinks, and bathtubs. |
|
|
