Term
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Definition
| a serious criminal offenses; specifically one punishable by death or incarceration in a prison facility for more than a year |
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Definition
| a relatively minor violation of the criminal law, such as petty theft or simple assault, punishable by confinement for 1 year or less |
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Definition
| A minor violation of a state statute or local ordinance punishable by a fine or other penalty, but not incarceration or by a specified, usually a very short term incarceration. Less serious than misdemeanor. An example of an of this is failure to wear seat belt, jaywalking, littering, spitting on the sidewalk. |
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| Institutional Corrections |
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Definition
| involves the incarceration & rehabilitation of adults, juvenilles convicted of offenses against the law, and the confinement of persons suspected of a crime awaiting trial & adjudication |
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| Noninstitutional Corrections |
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Definition
| Corrections aka "community corrections" it includes probation & parole activities, correctional adminstration not directly conncetable to instituitions, and miscellaneous activities |
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Term
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Definition
| an occupation granted high social status by virtue of the personal integrity of its member |
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Definition
| A dedicated person of moral character & personal integrity who is employed in the field of corrections & takes professionalism to heart |
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Definition
| A credentialing process, usually involving testing and career development assesment through which the skills, knowledge and abilities of correctional personnel can be formally recognized |
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Term
| Evidence-based Corrections |
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Definition
The application of social scientific techniques to the study of everyday corrections procedures for the purpose of increasing effectiveness & enhancing the efficient use of available resources.
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Term
| What does Evidence Based Correction focuses on? |
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Definition
It focuses on what works
What correctional programs are effective in reducing recidivism & in preventing future crimes. The evidence is referred to "scientific evidence" & not to criminal evidence |
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| What are the goals of Criminal Sentencing |
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Definition
1. Being revenged...2) Retribution__3) Punishment__4) Deterrence__5) Incapacitation__6) Rehabilitation__7) Reintegration__8) Restoration |
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Term
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Definition
| Punishment is equated with vengeance & involves an emotional response to criminal victimization |
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| Goal Sentencing: Retribution |
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Definition
Punishment involves a "settling of scores" for both society and the victim.
Paying back victim for what offender has done
"an eye for an eye" |
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| Goal Sentencing: Punishment |
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Definition
Being deserved: criminal offenders are morally blame worth and deserve punishment
Punishment restores the moral balance disrupted by crime |
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| Goal Sentencing: Deterrence |
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Definition
Punishment will prevent future wrongdoing by the offender & by others.
Punishment must outweight the benefits gained by wrongdoing |
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Term
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Definition
| Deterrence of individual being punished for committing additional crimes |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of individual punishment to persuay others from committing crimes |
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Term
| Goal Sentencing: Incapacitation |
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Definition
| The use of imprisonment to reduce an offenders capabilities to committ more crimes |
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Term
| Goal Sentencing: Rehabilitation |
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Definition
| Changing of a criminal lifestyle into law abding ones by "correcting" the behavior of offenders throught treatment, counseling, education, and training |
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Term
| Goal Sentencing: Reintegration |
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Definition
| The process of making the offender a productive member of the community |
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| Goal Sentencing: Restoration |
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Definition
| The process of returning to their previous condition all those involved in or affected by crime--including victims, offenders & society |
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Term
| What is it meant by Restorative Justice |
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Definition
| A response to wrongdoings that emphasizes healing the wounds of victims, offenders, and communities caused or revealed by crime |
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Term
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Definition
Advocates of restorative Justice believe that crime is committed not just against the state but also against victims & community_Restorative Justice Programs try to personalize crime by showing offenders the consequences of their behavior._It allows the judges & juries to consider victim impact statements_the harm caused by victime is repaired through negotiaiton, mediatation, & empowerment |
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Term
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Definition
| When the sentencing are served one after another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sentences that are served together at the same time. All charges are served together versus serving one after another |
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Term
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Definition
| A sentence required by law under certain circumstances. --such as conviction of a specified crime or a series of offense of a specified type. These sentences allow judges no leeway in sentencing |
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Term
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Definition
| A sentence is a sentence in which the judge sets a maximum and minimum sentence. Parole board determines the actual time of release |
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Term
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Definition
| Aka "fixed sentence" this sentence maybe reduced by good time. Parole does NOT review. Prisoner know when they will be released. With Good Time inmates can reduce time by earning credits and earned by demonstrating good behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Recommended sentencing policies that are not required by law. Usually based on past sentencing practices & serve as a guide to judges |
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Term
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Definition
| termination of criminal processing of any point before adjudication(conviction) with NO threat to prosecution. It best protects defendants rights. Defendant have to nothing to lose but more to gain. Researchers say its more effective b/c is done on volunatry basis |
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Term
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Definition
| The charges are dismissed if the defendant <<sucessfully>> completes treatment, counseling and other program ordered by the justice system. It does not eliminate possibilities of more severe penalities, if the defendant fail the programs |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the release of a convicted offender into the community under supervison of a probation officer. It can be revoked if certain conditions are not met such as if offender takes a drug test & fails it. |
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Term
| What are the "Goals of Probation" |
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Definition
Protect the community___Carry out court imposed sanctions___Identify probationer's supervison & service needs___Support Crime Victims___Coordinate & Promote use of community Resources * i.e. mental health programs & GED programs |
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Term
| What is the "Reason for Probation" |
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Definition
| Keeps offenders in their communities & facilities reintegration__Avoids the instiutionalization and stigma of imprisonment__Reduce the expense of incarceration__Fair treatment for offenders whose crimes do merit incarceration |
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Term
| What is the cost of Probation? |
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Definition
Regualar Supervison : 139 Caseloads/officer w/ avg cost of $3.07/day
Intensive Supervision: 29 Caseload/officer w/avg cost of $8.97/day
Electronic Supervison: 6 Caseloads/officer w/ avg. cost of $8.71/day
Special Supervison: 45 Caseloads/officer w/avg. cost of $4.27/day |
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Term
Special Conditions
vs
Standard Conditions |
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Definition
Standard Conditions: supervison that everyone must abide by
Special Conditions: Supervison specific for that one specific offender |
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Term
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Definition
| The formal termination of an offenders conditional freedom |
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Term
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Definition
| A due process hearing that must be helod to determine whether the conditions of probation have been violated before probation can be revoked and the offender removed from the community |
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Term
| Revocation Triggers: Technical Violation |
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Definition
A failure to comply with the conditions of probation.
**Absconding: fleeing without permission of the jurisdiction in which the offender is required to stay |
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Term
Revocation Triggers:
New Offenses Violation |
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Definition
| The arrest & prosecution for the commission of a new crime |
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Term
Intermediate
Sanctions (Punishment)
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Definition
| Punishment options developed to fill the gap b/t traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriosness of the crime |
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