Term
| Abiotic or Biotic: Nutritional deficiencies, soil compaction, salt injury, ice damage, and sun scorch. |
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Definition
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Term
| Abiotic or Biotic: Caused by living organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| What organisms cause the most plant diseases? |
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Definition
| Fungi and fungal-like organisms |
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Term
| What are single-celled microscopic organisms with cell walls that reproduce by binary fission? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 ways can bacteria enter plants? |
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Definition
| Natural openings or wounds |
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Term
| What overwinters in soil or plant material that doesn't decompose, and some survive inside insect vectors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are bacteria-like organisms that lack cell walls and thus appear filamentous? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are intracellular parasites with a protein coat that infect living organisms and replicate in hosts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are microscopic worm-like animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are plants that contain chlorophyll but cannot produce their own food, so they parasitize other plants to obtain nutrients and water? Example is mistletoe. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 components of the disease triangle? |
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Definition
| Environment, pathogen, and host |
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Term
| Which part of the disease cycle is the introduction of the plant pathogen to the host? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the disease cycle are wound sites and natural plant openings that facilitate the entrance of plant pathogens? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the disease cycle occurs when the pathogen invades the plant tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the disease cycle is when a pathogen is in a plant, but remains latent for a period of time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of disease is brown spot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are continuous irritations that are caused by fungal, bacteria, viruses, or other things? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is transient and is caused by insects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pathogen or products from the pathogen that are seen on a plant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a physical change or alteration on a plant that is caused by disease or injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main symptoms of leaf spots, canker, rots, and blights? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main symptoms of stunting, distortion, galls, and witch's brooms? |
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Definition
| Abnormal growth/development |
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Term
| What are the main symptoms of chlorosis, mosaic, streaking, and red growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main symptom of collapse due to the vascular system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the opposite of susceptible and has properties that prevent or impede disease development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the ability to endure diseases without substantial loss to plant growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a plant that a disease or pest can't infect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thorough, consistent, and regular ________ results in early pest detection and provides information about the identity, location, and cause of the pest problem. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are plants that are known to be susceptible to certain pests and are often the first ones infested? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cucurbits and eggplants are good indicator plants for what pest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Marigolds and petunias are good indicator plants for what pest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nasturtiums is a good indicator plant for what pest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beans is a good indicator plant for what pest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency causes spindly plants with reduced shoot, lateral, and root growth, and chlorosis most visible on older leaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency causes purple leaves and petioles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency causes chlorosis between leaf veins on older leaves, and necrotic spots or scorching on leaf margins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency causes slight chlorosis to brown/black scorching on new leaf tips and dieback of growing points? Does not cause blossom end rot in tomatoes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency causes slight chlorosis to brown/black scorching on new leaf tips and dieback of growing points, dry leaves do not crumble, and results in blossom end rot in tomatoes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency causes interveinal chlorotic mottling of immature leaves and have a yellow streak down the middle of leaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency causes older leaves to have chlorotic interveinal yellow patches or mottling at the center of the leaf moving outward? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency is similar to iron deficiency, but necrotic spots appear in interveinal tissues and blossom buds don't fully develop, yellow, and abort? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency is similar to nitrogen, but the stems become thin, hard, and woody? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient deficiency has interveinal chlorosis similar to iron and manganese deficiencies, but extremely small leaves develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Symptoms can move from one infected plant to another. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is anthracnose caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 things often cause phytotoxicity in plants? |
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Definition
| Herbicides and petroleum products |
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Term
| What is the result of rapid water loss by evaporation in the leaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is leaf scorch most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to leaves when they accumulate light energy much faster than it can be converted to chemical energy? |
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Definition
| Photo-oxidation (type of leaf scorch) |
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Term
| What is the best way to combat winter desiccation? |
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Definition
| Water plants during dry periods in late fall |
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Term
| What happens when plants take up more water through the roots than they can use or release through their leaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the most damage by freezing during winter followed by deacclimation during temporary warm weather? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when swelling occurs as cells divide more rapidly than normal and/or due to excessive cell enlargement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can induce winter desiccation besides wind? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Fe is a __________ plant nutrient, so
deficiencies are first seen in ___________ leaves. |
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Definition
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Term
Ca is a __________ plant nutrient, so
deficiencies are first seen in ___________ leaves. |
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Definition
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Term
Mg is a __________ plant nutrient, so
deficiencies are first seen in ___________ leaves. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of pathogen usually causes streaming or oozing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathogen cause spots, water-soaked appearance, wilts, and galls? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 things can you treat seeds with to kill bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of pathogen has no signs, is systemic, and is not curable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 vectors often spread viruses to plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is spread by contaminated garden tools and infected plants in hostas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hosta virus causes mottling of leaves, puckering, circular discolored areas (ringspots), and/or wilting and tissue death? |
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Definition
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Term
| What affects many horticultural crops, is spread by western flower thrips, cuttings from infected plants, and weed hosts? |
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Definition
| Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus |
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Term
| What plant virus can cause chicken pox-like sunken spots on leaves? |
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Definition
| Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus |
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Term
| What virus is spread by human hands, garden tools, weed hosts, and causes a mosaic pattern and yellowish rings on fruit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What virus affects cherry, birch, and hackberry trees? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is a water-soaked appearance more common in fungal or bacterial infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal or Bacterial: Which is more likely to have a dryish-papery texture? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal or Bacterial: Has an odor |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal or Bacterial: Circular with concentric circle |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal or Bacterial: Disintegration is common |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal or Bacterial: Color changes |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal or Bacterial: Has visible pathogen structures |
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Definition
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Term
| Yellow haloing around lesions is common from what type of infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal or Bacterial: Bullseye appearance |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathogen causes fire blight? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathogen causes leaf spot, soft rot, and wilting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacterial disease causes leaves to blight, turn black, and affected shoots will curl? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 types of vector transmission of viruses? |
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Definition
| Nonpersistent (Noncirculative, stylet born), Persistent Circulative, and Persistent Propagative (Replicates inside vector) |
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Term
| What transmits Impatiens Necrotic Spot and Tomato Spotted Wilt? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What transmits Tomato Ring Spot? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What 2 insects transmit Leaf Roll Virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| 14% of plants lost is caused by which pathogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 lifecycles of nematodes? |
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Definition
| Sedentary, migratory, ectoparasitic (surface layers), and endoparasitic (must enter plant tissue) |
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Term
| What causes twisting, distortion, and discoloration of stems and foliage in bulbs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What pathogen causes Root Knot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is caused by nematodes feeding which causes increased root cell numbers and size? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of nematode infects most legumes and was introduced into Iowa 30 years ago? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are 5 parthenogenic species? |
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Definition
| Crocodiles, aphids, Komodo Dragons, bees, and turkeys |
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Term
| Mobile or Immobile: Seen in old growth first |
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Definition
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Term
| Mobile or Immobile: Seen in new growth first |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 components of the diagnostic triangle? |
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Definition
| Signs, symptoms, environment |
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Term
| Order from most harmful to least harmful: Facultative parasite, obligate parasite, facultative saprophyte, and obligate saprophyte. |
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Definition
| Obligate parasite, facultative saprophyte, facultative parasite, and obligate saprophyte |
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Term
| What strategy is planting when pathogen isn't active or there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What strategy is preventing introduction of the pathogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What strategy is eliminating, inactivating, or destroying the pathogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What strategy is protecting the plant against the pathogen and reducing exposure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What strategy is using cultivars that are resistant to infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What strategy is using thermo/chemotherapy and/or meristem culture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 chemicals often cause damage due to drift? |
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Definition
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