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Insects and People
Exam 1
57
Science
Undergraduate 4
09/17/2007

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Cards

Term
Most animals on earth are _____ for both number of _____ and number of _____.
Definition
Insect
Species
Individuals
Term
How old are insects?
Definition
350 MYA
Term
Insects live in every conceivable habitat except?
Definition
Open ocean
Term
What is a vector
Definition
An organism that can transmit a pathogen from one host to another
Term
What is the percentage of world food lost to insects per year?
Definition
40%
Term
What are the percent of angiosperms pollinated by insects?
Definition
65%
Term
What are some Aesthetic values of insects
Definition
Art, Jewelry, film, literature, and Religion
Term
What are the current estimates of species in insects?
Definition
5-80 million species
Term
What are the most diverse families?
Definition
Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera
Term
What are 7 reasons that insects are so successful?
Definition
1. Small size- less energy required
2. Short generation times- Rapid pop. growth
3. Metamorphosis- division of labor between life stages
4. Exoskeleton
5. Flight
6. Complex behaviors
7. Coevolution with angiosperms
Term
What does arthropoda mean?
Definition
Jointed-foot
Term
What are the characteristics of phylum arthropoda?
Definition
1. Bilateral symmetry
2. Exoskeleton containing chitin
3. Paired, jointed appendages
4. Dorsal heart with open circulation
5. Ventral nerve cord and dorsal brain
Term
What are some advantages of an Exoskeleton?
Definition
1. External protection
2. prevent water loss
3. lines anterior & posterior digestive tract
4. lines in the tracheal system
5. muscle attachment, internal support
6. can form many different structures
7. flexing allows for insect flight
Term
What is tagmosis?
Definition
the organization of body segments into regions
Term
Around how many species are in the class crustacea?
Definition
~42,000
Term
What are four characteristics of the class Crustacea?
Definition
1. Head, thorax, & abdomen or cephalothorax + abdomen
2. Usually 2 pairs of antenna
3. 5 or more paris of walking legs
4. Most aquatic

(CRAWFISH)
Term
What are 6 characteristics of class Arachnida?
Definition
1. 2 body regions cephalothorax and abdoment
2. NO antennae or wings
3. 4 pairs of legs in adults
4. 1 pair of mouthparts
5. One pair of pedipalpi
6. Predators, herbivores, scavengers, parasites
Term
What are 5 characteristics of Chilopoda?
Definition
1. Wingless body with head and 15-177 trunk segments
2. 1 pair antennae
3. Trunk segments have 1 pair legs
4. First trunk segments with pointy legs
5. Terrestrial, prey on insects, spiders, & other small animals- live under stones and rocks

(CENTIPEDES)
Term
What are 5 characteristics of Diplopoda?
Definition
1. Wingless body with head and many-segmented trunk
2. 1 pair of antennae
3. Trunk apparently with 2 pairs of legs per segment
4. Terrestrial scavengers in damp areas under stones, logs, & in soil
5. Many species secrete defensive fluids

(MILLIPEDES)
Term
How many species are in the class Insecta?
Definition
~1,000,000
Term
What is the largest class in the Animal kingdon?
Definition
Insecta
Term
How many orders are in the class insecta?
Definition
31
Term
What are 4 major evolutionary advances in the class Insecta? In order
Definition
1. Appearance of primitive wingless insects
2. Developement of wings
3. Wing-folding mechanism
4. Complete metamorphosis
Term
What are the mouthparts on a grasshopper from front to back and top to bottom?
Definition
labrum
mandible
maxilla
labium
Term
What insects are in class Hemiptera?
Definition
Mosquitos and Fleas
Term
What are the parts of the leg from top to bottom?
Definition
Coxa
Trochanter
Femur
Tibia
Tarsus
Pretarsus
Term
What are wings?
Definition
Lateral outgrowths of the body walls
Term
What does primarily wingless and secondarily wingless mean?
Definition
Primarily- never evolved wings
Secondary- had wings at some point in evolutionary history but has lost them
Term
T/F. Only adults have functional wings?
Definition
True
Term
What is more primitive of flight, direct or indirect flight muscles?
Definition
Direct
Term
What is the difference between synchronous muscles and asynchronous muscles?
Definition
synchronous-muscles one nerve pulse for one muscle contraction.
slower fliers

asynchronous- muscles one nerve impule for many muscle contractions.
faster fliers
Term
Do wings merely flap?
Definition
No, they twist, move forward and backward
Term
What does the abdomen house?
Definition
Visceral and reproductive organs
Term
What is the ovipositor modified into in ants, bees, and many wasps?
Definition
Stinger
Term
What is cerci?
Definition
sensory structures, grasping organs
Term
What is the order of the digestive systems from front to back?
Definition
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut
Term
What is intima?
Definition
Layer of cuticle lining foregut and hindgut
Term
How does food get from the pharynx to the esophagus?
Definition
Peristalsis
Term
What is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?
Definition
Stomach
Term
What does the Gastric Caeca do?
Definition
secretes enzymes for chemical breakdown
Term
What is the definition of Symbiosis?
Definition
two different organisms living together to the benefit of both
Term
What does trophallaxis mean?
Definition
exchange of alimentary fluids
Term
What is Bacillus thuringiensis?
Definition
bacteria that produces toxic crystal
Term
What is a malpighian tubule? Where is it found
Definition
Same as kidney and found at the junction of the midgut and hindgut
Term
What is the main point of the Excretory system?
Definition
Must eliminate products of metabolism
Term
What is the main waste product of Malpighian tubules?
Definition
Uric acid
Term
In Hymenoptera the insects can control the _____ of young through fertilization. Unfertilized eggs are _______ and fertilized eggs are _______. This is an example of what?
Definition
Sex
Male
Female
Selective fertilization
Term
What is Oviposition?
Definition
laying of eggs
Term
The space between neurons is a?
Definition
Synapse
Term
What are elongate cells that carry electrical impulses
Definition
Neuron
Term
What is a chemical that stimulates nerve impulse?
Definition
Neurotansmitter
Term
What is a common neurotransmitter?
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
What do motor neurons do?
Definition
Activate muscles
Term
What do sensory neurons do?
Definition
recieve information from sensory structure like touch, feel, vibrations, chemical ,and etc.
Term
What are intersensory neurons often involved in?
Definition
Reflex actions
Term
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Definition
Brain, paired ventral nerve cord, thoracic ganglia, abdominal ganglia
Term
What do neurosecretory cells do?
Definition
Produce hormones
Control Molting
Development
Reproduction
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