Term
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Definition
| Produce neurohormones that can act locally or globally within the organism |
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Term
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Definition
| innervation of the compound eyes and oceli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three parts of the insect brain |
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Definition
| Protocerebrum, Deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the brain to the rest of the stomodeal nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
part of the stomodeal nervous system
innervates foregut |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates: mandibles, maxillae, labium, hypopharynx, salivary glands, and neck muscles |
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Term
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Definition
3 parts sometimes fused
innervates the legs and wings |
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Term
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Definition
secretes JH
removed the larva pupate to an adult |
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Term
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Definition
| triggered by neurosecretory cells in the brain releases PTTH |
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Term
| Control of ecdysone secretion by the Prothoracic gland |
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Definition
| PTTH (Bomboxin) released through the CC initiates release of ecdysone. Thorasic ganglion inervates prothoracic glad and controls release with FaRPs. Myosuppressin inhibits sectretion of ecdysone |
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Term
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Definition
multiple rounds of DNA replication without strand seperation
metobolic advantage because many copies create high gene expression for secretory cells |
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Term
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Definition
secreted by the corpus cardiacum into the hymolymph. prothoracicotropic hormone acts on the prothoracic glads triggering the production of ecdysone
consists of two subunits
109 amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
ecdysteroid initiates molting.
hormone secreted from the prothoracic glands
causes chromosome puffs in drosophila larva |
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Term
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Definition
| A sesquiterpenoid epoxide, Juvenile hormone secreted by the corpus allata maintains juvenile characteristics. there are 6 major members of JH |
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Term
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Definition
| study of function in living systems |
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Term
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Definition
| effect expression of genes |
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Term
| Describe the experiment that showed that the brain is responsible for release of hormones regulating pupation |
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Definition
| ligatures on pupating larva prevent diffusion of hormone from the anterior end from triggering pupation at the posterior end. |
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Term
| Describe experiment that showed neurosectetory cells responsible for molting |
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Definition
| Rhodnius fed blood meal then decapitated before critical period (4 days) did not molt. After critical period decapitation did not stop molt |
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Term
| Describe experiment that proved brain and prothoracic glad responsible for molting |
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Definition
| brain from pupa implanted in abdomen no pupation. Brain and prothoracic glad pupation occurs |
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Term
| Experiment that showed effects of JH |
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Definition
| Heads of 5th and 4th instar Rhodnius removed and two bodies fused JH in the 4th instar diffuses into 5th instar and prevents adult stage creating a 5th and 6th instar |
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Term
| Describe biological communication by hormones |
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Definition
| endocrine cell secretes hormone into bloodstream, bloodstream carries hormone to all tissue and target cells are triggered |
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Term
| Describe biological communication by neurohormones |
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Definition
| neurosecretory cell releases nuerohormone into bloodstream where it is carried to target cells |
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Term
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Definition
| show sites of active gene transcription can be seen on polytene chromosomes |
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Term
| Describe gene activation by ecdysone |
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Definition
| Ecdysone enters cells freely (steroid) binds to ecdysone receptors USP and EcR(heterodimer) in the cytoplasm creating a DNA binding domain that binds to DNA by zinc fingers on the hterodimer inducing or repressing gene transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that transfers phosphate groups (phosphotransferase) |
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Term
| Cholesterol to Ecdysone synthesis |
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Definition
cholesteriol converted to 7-deyhro-cholesterol by deyhydrogenase--- 7-deyhro-cholesterolconverted to ketodiol by spook/spookier gene product
ketotriol by gene products of disembodied
ketotriol converted to 2-deoxy-ecdysone by shadow
2-deoxy-ecdysone converted to 20HE by shade |
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Term
| Ecdysone receptor complex control of gene expresion and feedback loops |
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Definition
| ecdysone receptor complex binds to genes initiating early puffs and inhibit late puff genes. Early puff gene products inhibit early puff genes and initiate early-late puff genes and late genes |
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Term
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Definition
| used ligatures tied at different locations on the lava at different points in development only the half with the brain pupate if tied during spinning |
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Term
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Definition
| discovery of neurosecretoy cells. worked with the insect Rhodnius. Discovered the action of JH by parabiosing 4th and 5th instar Rhodnius and instead of molting into an adult the 5thh instar molted into a supernumerary 6th instar nymph |
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Term
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Definition
| identified the first insect hormone--ecdysone |
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Term
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Definition
| mevalonic acid forms isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAP). Homomevalon forms Ethylmethylallyl pyrophosphate (EMAP) and homoisopentenyl pyrophosphate (HIPP) |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain the CA at low rates of JH synthesis. Their effects on the CA are reversible when they are removed. |
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Term
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Definition
Prevent JH from binding to other hydrophobic sites within the cell.
• Reduce enzyme metabolism by esterases. • Provide a reservoir of JH that is readily
available to target tissues. • Aid in the transfer of hormone from
hemolymph to target cells. |
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Term
| Describe some bioassays for JH |
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Definition
Allatectomy • CA volume • Galleria wax test • Radioimmunoassay • Radiochemical assay • Liquid chromatography
tandem mass spectrometry |
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Term
| Describe or diagram JH and ecdysone interaction with Broad Transcription factors |
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Definition
| When both JH and 20HE are present Broad is inhibited by E75A. When JH is absent 20HE initiates Broad and others to initiate late genes and metamorphosis |
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Term
| How does JH inhibit metamorphic molt |
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Definition
| JH binds to Met and prevent dimerization of Met |
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Term
| How is JH transported around to target tissue |
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Definition
| JH is bound to JHPB which is then bound to Apolipophorin, Arylphorin and Hexamerin |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits the CA permanently |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate JH production. First identified Manse-AT (13 amino acids) |
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Term
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Definition
| JH acid methyl transferase. converts JH acid into active JH by adding methyl group |
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Term
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Definition
| modify the action of ecdysteroids and prevent the switch in the commitment of epidermal cells. Preserve current program of gene expression |
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Term
| how does JH modify the action of ecdysteroids |
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Definition
| JH binds to USP (ultra spirical protein) changin the state and the transcription of specific genes. JH binds to E75A repressing a group of early genes including Broad |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad gene codes for the Broad transcription factor which is one of the early genes expressed when 20HE and E75A bind. BR is associated with pupal commitment and the late genes |
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Term
| differences in transcription between larva-larval molt and larval-pupal metamorphosis |
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Definition
| Both JH and 20HE are present and stimulate the production of E75A nuclear receptor which represes BR and activates JH-inducable genes. Absence of JH ecdysteroid initiates early genes BR, E74, and E75 |
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Term
| What triggers release of PTTH |
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Definition
| insects critical weight-proprioreceptors |
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