Shared Flashcard Set

Details

INR CHAPTER ONE
n/a
74
International Studies
Undergraduate 3
02/03/2012

Additional International Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
International Relations questions
Definition
why do wars occur.
Term
The study of international relations
Definition
balance of power politics among states, the influence of economic structures at the global level and international law, norms and ethics.
Term
Globalization is not always beneficial
Definition
globalization is the spread of things
it is not always good for example the spread of weapons technology, or even environmental degradation
Term
Traditionalist emphasizes on
Definition
the relative utility of history, law, philosophy, and etc.
Term
Behavioralist emphasizes on
Definition
formal hypothesis testing, causal model building in the study of political processes or patterns of behavior
Term
Before you understand theory, you must understand these 3 things
Definition
epistemology
methodology
ontology
Term
epistemology
Definition
involves the ways and means by which we come to know something about the world. SO BASICALLY, EVERYTHING WE KNOW ABOUT THE WORLD NOW.
Term
For example:a popular epistemology is empiricism
Definition
which is he view that the only grounds for making truth claims is through direct observation of the world using our senses.
Term
Positivism consists of four underlying implicit assumptions or beliefs
Definition
1. the unity of the natural and social sciences-we can study society as we study the natural world
2. we can draw a distinction between facts and values
3. regularities exist in the social as well as the natural world and they can be identified
4. empirical validation of falsification is the hallmark of real inquiry
Term
Positivism
Definition
endorses the use of formal hypothesis testing or causal modeling as methodologies ( like the use of statistics and mathematical equations)
Term
Scientific method
Definition
the reference is to positivism with the focus on that which is observable, empirical and measurable
Term
Ontology
Definition
how each of us views the world-how we see or understand the essence of things around us
-focusing more on individuals
Term
Dialectical materialism
Definition
a theoretical idea drawn from a Marxist, materialist ontology.
Term
Images
Definition
general perspectives on international relations and world politics that consist of certain assumptions about key actors and processes that influence our theorizing.
Term
What is theory?
Definition
something may be true in theory but not in fact or in a particular case or set of circumstances.
AND theory is simply a way of making the world or some part of it more intelligible or better understood
Term
Carl Hempel term "requirement of explanatory"
Definition
establishing the phenomenon it explains as something that was to be expected in the circumstances in which it occurred.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
a proposition relating two or more variables
Term
Generalizing or covering- law approach
Definition
the primary research strategy that entails invoking laws in a scientifc explanation
-most popular for those operating within positivist framework
Term
Waltz says
Definition
theory explains laws
Term
Reconstructive positivist strategy
Definition
relys on laws
Term
those with a positivist or scientific commitment all tend to agree on one thing
Definition
theory is necessary and unavoidable when it comes to explaining and attempting to foresee or predict future outcomes SO WE NEED THEORY TO EXPLAIN
Term
without theory
Definition
we are overwhelmed and immobilized by an avalanche or mere facts or occurrences around us
Term
theory, hypothesis and propositions
Definition
tell us what to focus on and what to ignore in making sense of the world around us
Term
IR also looks into the behaviors of actors
Definition
behavior among diverse state and non state actors acting internationally or globally
Term
Partial or middle range theories
Definition
they are merely islands of theory without bridges to connect them into a coherent whole
Term
theories that lack parsimony
Definition
contain too many factors or variables quickly becoming as complex as or more complex than the reality they purport to explain
Term
mathematical theorists
Definition
deal entirely in the realm of abstraction whether or not their work has direct relevance to problems of the world in which we live
Term
Policy -relevant theories
Definition
reducing the likelihood of war or curbing the arms race
Term
theory
Definition
in theory while something may be true in theory, it doesnt apply to the real world
Term
theory explains
Definition
anticipate or predict outcomes
Term
political theory
Definition
if any good, explains international outcomes and provides clues to situations and actions that may produce more of the desire and fewer of the undesired ones
Term
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS
Definition
is a framework designed to organize and assist in systematic thinking about IR
Term
Dependet variable is
Definition
when one is trying to explain or study (such as outbreak of war).
Term
Independent variables
Definition
factors at different levels of analysis we suspect as being causally related to what we are trying to explain typically
Term
LEVEL OF ANALYSIS
Definition
outter layer to inner
4. international world or global level
3. state and societal or national level
2. group level
1. individual level
Term
#4
Definition
distribution of power/capabilites among states
economic patterns
patterns of military alliances
patterns or international trade and finances
and sooo one
Term
#3
Definition
governmental/ policymaking process
societal/ domain of sociology ideology/political culture/ nationalism and ethinicity/ public opinion so on
Term
#2
Definition
interest groups
non governmental organizations
policymaking groups
government bureaucracies
Term
#1
Definition
human nature and psychology
leaders and beliefs systems
personality of leaders and cognition and perception or misperception
Term
which level of analysis is most important
Definition
all should be emphasized
Term
agent structure problem
Definition
the problems emerges from 2 uncontentious claims about social world, 1. human agency is the only moving force behind the actions, events and outcomes of social world.
2. the human agency can be realized only in concrete historical circumtances that condition the possibilites for action and influence its course
Term
Voluntarism
Definition
freedom of action agents have
Term
Determinism
Definition
the extent to which they are constrained
Term
IMAGES
Definition
realism
liberalism
economic structuralism
the english school
Term
Realism
Definition
For realist its all about THE STATES. states are viewed as unitary actors that behave in a generally rational manner. National security issues typically dominate the hierarchy
Term
Liberalism
Definition
focuses on not just states but also their insititutions, but also multiple non state actors (international and non governmental organizations, individiuals and groups)
Term
economic structuralism
Definition
emphasizes on multiple mechanisms of postcolonial domination that maintain the 3rd world in a subordinate status
Term
the english school
Definition
material understandings or power and balance of power.
Term
^^ are merely just structures that explains the world
Definition
it allows us to explain and predict more accurately the phenomena we observe
Term
INTERPRETIVE UNDERSTANDING
Definition
is about how each individuals work ill be influenced by a particular doctrine, image of the world, ideology, paradigm, theory, understanding or perspective
Term
constructivists
Definition
see states and non state actors not as mere products or world politics the international system, but a playing a decisive role in shaping it.
Term
phenomenology
Definition
describes the phenomena we experience and the subjectivity that defines the essence of human beings
Term
NORMATIVE THEORY
Definition
does not deal with what is, but more of what should of ought to be.
Term
JAMES ROSENAU
Definition
POSITIVISM WAYS. about the story where the girl asked him to teach him theory and he realized that some students get it and some were just not build to think theory. he called those who knew theory born theoreticians
Term
JAMES ROSENAU
Definition
-to think therorically one has to avoid treating the task as that of formulating an appropriate definition theory
-to think theoretically one has to be clear as to whether one aspire to empirical theory or value theory
-to think theoretically one must be able to assume that human affairs are founded on an underlying order
-to think theorically one must be predisposed to ask about every event, every situation or every observed phenomenon of what is it an instance?
- to think theoretically one must be ready to appreciate and accept the need to sacrifice detailed descriptions for broad observation
-to think theoretically one must be tolerant of ambiguity, concerned about probabilities and distrustful of absolutes
Term
JAMES ROSENAU
Definition
-to think theoretically one must be playful about international phenomena
-to think theoretically one must be genuinely puzzled by international phenomena
-to think theoretically one must be constantly ready to be proven wrong
Term
JAMES ROSENAU
Definition
bringing together the 9 pre creative thinking theory
he said that the habits of theoretical thinking may not always be teachable, and they may not even be teachable at all, but if our efforts successfully manage to reach only a few students they are worth undertaking
Term
WALTZ explaining the levels of analysis
Definition
he tries to explain why war occurs using the level of analysis
Term
WALTZ 1st image: international conflict and human behavior in the middle of the circle
Definition
the focus of the important causes of war is found in the nature and behavior of man.
- wars are result from selfishness and from misdirected aggressive impulses, from stupidity.
-to have peace it wouldnt change much of us because it is in our instincts. gave an example: if there were something that men would rather do than fight is to fight together.
Term
WALTZ 2nd image: international conflict and the internal structure of states
Definition
he said to explain everything by psychology means psycology means nothing.
-war most often promotes the internal unity of each state involved.
-bad states lead war
-how states behave has to do with war
Term
WALTZ 3rd image: international conflict and international anarchy
Definition
-an anarchy there is no automatic harmony
- a state will use force to attain its goals b/c each state is the final judge of its own cause, any state at anytime can use force all states must be ready either to counter force with force or pay the cost of weakness
Term
WALTZ
Definition
stag hunt- when she gave the example in class, about working together or ditching the people and work alone.
STAG HUNT IS a tension between one man;s immediate interest and the general interest of the group is resolved by the unilateral action of the one man. this came from ROSSEAU. ROSSEAU talks about christians..if everyone were christians it wouldnt be a society of men.
Term
if anarchy is a problem
Definition
then 2 possible solutions
1. to impose an effective control on the seperate and imperfect states
2. to remove states from the sphere of the accidental that is to define the good state as so perfect that it will no longer be particular
Term
the 3rd image
Definition
is an utopian approach.
Term
MAX WEBER : understanding
Definition
raised the question on objectivity and what we think we see
Term
sociology
Definition
a science that attempts the interpretive understanding of social action in order thereby to arrive at a causal explanation of its course and effects
Term
meaningful understanding
Definition
to put yourself into someones elses shoes
Term
types of understanding
Definition
Term
Direct observational understanding
Definition
verbal utterances. the meaning the 2+2=4, we hear and read it
Term
Rational observational understanding
Definition
for example who reaches the door knob or who aims a gun at an animal.
Term
Explanatory understanding
Definition
motive the meaning
Term
Rational understanding of motivation
Definition
the outburst of anger, if we know that it has been provoked by jealously, injurded pride or an insult....
Term
Interpretations and Causal Explanations
Definition
-Interpretations attempts to attain clarity and certainly. no matter how clear it may be...it cannot on this account aline claim to be causally valid interpretation
-Causual explanations depends on being able to determine that there is a probability that something is calculatable and will be followed or accompained by another event.
Term
organic means
Definition
whole.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!