Term
| What is the order of the scientific method? |
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Definition
| observation, empirical facts(data) collected, summarize in scientific laws, hypothesis, and theories |
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Term
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Definition
| particles that contain 2 or more atoms |
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Term
| What are physical properties? |
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Definition
| can be measured without altering chemical composition |
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Term
| Which is dependent on sample size: intesive or extensive properties? |
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Definition
| extensive properties are depenedent |
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Term
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Definition
| elements combined in fixed proportions |
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Term
| What is a one-phase mixture? |
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Definition
| a solution and is homogenous |
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Term
| What is Dalton's atomic theory? |
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Definition
| atoms may change partners, but can neither be created or destroyed |
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Term
| What is another name for the Group 1A elements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for GroupIIA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for group VIIA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for VIIIA(18) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| atoms of the same element with different atomic masses. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of NEUTRONS in their nuclei. |
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Term
What are the four diatomic molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solids that contain water molecules in definite proportions |
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Term
| What does aqueous solution mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can all forms of energy be converted into? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| energy that is transferred between objects because of their difference in temp. |
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Term
| What is the definition of temperature? |
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Definition
| a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms in an object |
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Term
| How are molecules held together? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which measurements require numerical measurements: qualitative or quantitative? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do u calculate specific gravity? |
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Definition
| the density of the substance divided by the density of water |
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Term
| What is Avogadro's number? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is formula mass? What is another name for it? |
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Definition
| the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms appearing in a chemical formula (molecular mass) |
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Term
| What is an empirical formula? What type of compounds is it written for? |
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Definition
| gives the ratio of atoms in the smallest whole numbers - used for ionic compounds |
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Term
| What is limiting reactant? |
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Definition
| a reactant taken in a quantity less than reuired by another reactant, as told by the stoichiometry |
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Term
| What is the actual yield of a product? |
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Definition
| how much is isolated in moles or mass units (measured quantity) |
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Term
| What is the theorectical yield of a product? |
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Definition
| what must be obtained if no losses occur (calculated quantity) |
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Term
| What is the percentage yield? |
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Definition
| actual yield divided by the theoretical yield all multiplied by 100 |
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Term
| What are characteristics of unsaturated solutions? |
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Definition
| unstable and tend to givce precipitate |
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Term
| What is the def. of solubility? |
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Definition
| the amount of solute required to give a saturated solution at a given temperature |
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Term
| If a concentrated solution of a known molarity was going to be dilluted quantitatively, what relationship applies? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substances that dissociate or ionize in water to produce cations and ions |
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Term
| What are strong electrolytes? |
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Definition
| ionic compounds that ocmpletely dissociate into ions in water |
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Term
| What do you elimanate in a net ionic equation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an ionic or net ionic equation balanced? |
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Definition
| when both the atoms and net charge are balanced |
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Term
| What do acidic anhydrides do? |
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Definition
| react wit water to give acids |
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Term
| What is produced wen acids react with bases in neutralization reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Salts are strong __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a titration used for? |
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Definition
| to make quantitative measurements of the amounts of solutions needed to obtain a complete reation |
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Term
| How is the endpoint of a titration normally indicated? |
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Definition
| by the acid-base indicator |
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Term
| What happens to the electrons in oxidation? |
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Definition
| they are lost or increase in oxidation number |
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Term
| What happens to electrons in a reduction? |
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Definition
| they are gained... oxidation number goes down |
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Term
| What is the substance oxidized called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the substance reduced called? |
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Definition
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Term
| WWhat is the definition of oxidation? |
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Definition
| an algebraic increase in oxidation number |
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Term
| What is the definition of reduction? |
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Definition
| a decrease in oxidation number |
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Term
| In non-oxidizing acids, what is the strongest oxidizing agent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen |
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Term
| What is often used in redox titrations? y? |
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Definition
| potassium permaganate... powerful oxidizing agent |
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Term
| What happens to heat when the system is exothermic? |
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Definition
| the heat leaves the system |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of force applied to the area over which it is applied |
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Term
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
| no matter how the change in energy accompanying a reaction may be allocated between q and w, their sum is the same, (change in )E......... (change in)E = q + w |
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Term
| What is the algebraic sign for q and w when the system gives off heat or does work on surroundings? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the system absorbs heat or receives work energy done to it, what is the sign? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| forces of attraction between positive and negative ions |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy required to completely separate the ions of an ionic compound |
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