Term
| Crain (1993), Acquisition in the Absence of Experience: constraints tested |
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Definition
| Strong crossover
Structure dependence
Rightward contraction
Wanna contraction
Prenominal modifiers
Backwards anaphora |
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Term
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Definition
| Test on constraints with youg children, if children obey the constraints they must have access to UG as wouldn't have heard examples in the input |
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Term
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Definition
| Children had some problems with Prenominal modifiers and Backwards Anaphora, but not many. Maybe not all constraints are present from birth? They may mature, or parameters may need setting. The rest of the results supported access to UG. |
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Term
| Studies on Phonological Impairments |
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Definition
| Look at deviant phonology, find there are systematic systems, with the same processes as TD but they persist later. Although there are some novel replacements/processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| More regularity in abnormal speech than there appears at first |
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Term
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Definition
| Delayed acq, but same system, same phonological processes but used in a different way. Also says there are novel processes, so not clear cut evidence. |
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Term
| Williams Syndrome for Innateness |
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Definition
| no evidence, as Levy (2002) found that they don't follow the same path of acquisition as TD. Syntactic development may be more like SLA |
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Term
| Downs Syndrome for Innateness |
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Definition
| Rutter and Buckley (1994) found DS followed the same path of acquisition as TD, just delayed. |
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Term
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Definition
| delay, not deviance found by:
Morehead and Ingram (1973)
Fletcher and Ingham (1996) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tager-Flusberg (1999) - the 50% of people with autism that acquire language follow the same path as TD. Is 50% enough? Fay (1988) found delay (in grammar) and deviance (in semantics and pragmatics) |
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Term
| Newport, Gleitman and Gleitman (1977) |
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Definition
| Not necessarily a teaching language, children can learn language without it. Has features to help language acquisition: deixis, yes/no q's for the auxiliary verb construction |
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Term
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Definition
| Intermittent Hearing Loss (due to Otitis Media). No severe delays, only subtle impact. Didn't look at other variables, small samples, and each study only looks at one area of speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hearing Children of Deaf Parents. Deviant phonology, shows the need for input, normal development affected by environment. |
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Term
| Evidence from Hearing problems for innateness |
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Definition
| Develop a homesign to communicate with their parents, but this will depend on the amount of each type of input |
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Term
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Definition
| Nicaraguan Sign Language. Created from a pidgin, LSN. Children add to the language when acquiring it, add complexity. Has a basic grammar, compounds, fluent verb agreement |
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Term
| Problems with NSL research |
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Definition
| Need more ethnographic research, of social patterns of the deaf and the hearing communities to compare. Compare the concepts expressed in the local language with those expressed in NSL. NSL didn't evolve in a natural way, taught to new students, not passed down naturally. |
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Term
| Manually Coded English (MCE) |
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Definition
| Tries to map English surface structure onto signs. Through being learnt it was turned into a sign language that uses space to convey meaning. |
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Term
| Goldin-Meadow and Mylander (1993) |
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Definition
| Homesign, looked at deaf children's gesture systems. They were organised around different predicate types, distinguished thematic roles with focus on the patient, had recursion and a lexicon. The homesign was developed through the gestures the parents used when speaking to the deaf children. Similar routes of acquisition as TD, full grammatical complexity. Only one child was studied for morphological structure, so we cannot conclude anything about morphology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple birth children - atypical phonology and delayed acquisition |
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