Term
| What are some ways in which our bodies protect us against injury? |
|
Definition
-physical barriers of intact skin and mucosa
-antibacterial activity of enzymes in saliva in tears
-flushing action of saliva, tears, urine, and diarrhea |
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Term
| What is an inflammatory response? |
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Definition
| a nonspecific or innate response to injury |
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Term
| Does the inflammatory response vary throughout the entire body? |
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Definition
| no, it occurs the same way no mater where in the body the injury has occured |
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Term
| Is the inflammatory response only local? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| is the inflammatory response acute? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What can acute inflammation develop in to? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How are inflammatory responses named? |
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Definition
| named by adding "itis" after the tissue involved |
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Term
| What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? |
|
Definition
1.redness
2.heat
3.swelling
4.pain
5.loss of function |
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Term
| What are the microscopic events of inflammation? (10) |
|
Definition
1.injury
2.constriction of microcircultion (to stop bleeding)
3.dialation of microcirculation
4.increase in permeability of microcirculation
5.exudate formation
6.increased blood viscosity
7.decreased blood flow through the microcirculation
8.margination and pavementing of WBC
9.WBC leave circulation and enter tissue
10.WBC ingest foreign and dead material |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-fluid
-proteins from blood
-dead and injured cells |
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Term
| What can the type of exudate tell you? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is serous composed of? |
|
Definition
-mainly plasma fluid
-proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is serous associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-lots of WBC's
-tissue debris |
|
|
Term
| What is purulent associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does mucinous contain? |
|
Definition
| lots of mucous secretions |
|
|
Term
| What is fibrinous composed of? What is it? |
|
Definition
| large amounts of fibrin, bloody sputum |
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|
Term
| What do chemical mediators do? |
|
Definition
| start or ampifly the inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
| Where do chemical mediators come from? |
|
Definition
| the blood, endotheial cells, WBC, platelets, microoganisms |
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|
Term
| Where is histomine released from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is serotonin released from? |
|
Definition
| platelets and acts like histamine |
|
|
Term
| What does the Kinin system do? |
|
Definition
| bradykinin acts like histamine and causes pain |
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|
Term
| What does the fibrinolytic system do? |
|
Definition
| plasmin acts to activate clotting mechanism and activate kinin system |
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Term
| Where are protaglandins and leukotrienes released from and what do they do? |
|
Definition
-released from WBC's
-caused continued dialation, pain, and production of MMP enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| induce breakdown of collagen |
|
|
Term
| What are the different cytokins? |
|
Definition
-interleukin-1 (IL-1)
-IL-6
-IL-8
-tumor necrosis factor(TNF) |
|
|
Term
| What do cytokins do? Where are they released from? |
|
Definition
-released by WBC
-cause continued movement of WBC to the area |
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Term
| Histamine, serotonin, kinin system, fibrinolytic system, prostagladins, and leukotrines, and cytokins are all examples of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells are responsible for acute infmallation? |
|
Definition
| neutrophils(PMN), esinophils |
|
|
Term
| How do neutrophil's work in acute inflammation? |
|
Definition
| they are the first to arrive and are effective against bacterial & fungal infections |
|
|
Term
| What type of reaction are eosinophils seen in? |
|
Definition
| they are seen in hypersensitivity reactions |
|
|
Term
| What kind of cells are seen in chronic infections? |
|
Definition
-macrophages and giant cells
-lymphocytes (T & B)
-fibroblasts and endothelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mesh of fibrin
-platelets
-RBC |
|
|
Term
| What migrates to the area during clot formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| function to debride area and secrete cytokins(IL-1) |
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|
Term
| What do cytokins(IL-1) do? |
|
Definition
| stimulate growth of fibroblasts and endothelial cells |
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|
Term
| Healing can be by BLANK or BLANK intention. |
|
Definition
| Healing can be by primary or secondary intention. |
|
|
Term
| When is primary intention seen? |
|
Definition
| in small injuries, skin is brought back together |
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|
Term
| When is secondary intention seen? |
|
Definition
| with large injuries, more scar tissue formed |
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|
Term
| What is granulation tissue? |
|
Definition
| tissue that forms after inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
| What is granulation tissue made of? |
|
Definition
| immature collagen fibers and blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| What are some factors that effect healing? |
|
Definition
-age
-nutritional status
-immune status
-smoking
-local factors |
|
|
Term
| What are restitution, resolution, and regeneration? |
|
Definition
| these are a form of repair |
|
|
Term
| What does restitution, resolution, and regeneration help do? |
|
Definition
| helps tissue return to normal structure and function, destroyed tissue is regenerated |
|
|
Term
| When does regeneration occur? |
|
Definition
| if destruction was not extensive and cells are capable of regeneration |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of systemic manifestations of inflammation? |
|
Definition
-fever
-leukocytosis
-lymphadenopathy
-elevated C-reactive protein |
|
|
Term
| What are some tissues not capable of regeneration? |
|
Definition
-brain
-cardiac muscle
-skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| What are some tissues that are capable of regeneration? |
|
Definition
-epidermis
-gastrointestional epithelium
-bronchial epithelium
-bone marrow
-liver
-kidney |
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