Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Metastatic (tumor spread)
-Metabolic
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Inflammatory
-Infectious
-Idiopathic
-Immune-mediated
-Iatrogenic
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood-borne. randomly scattered throughout tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal structure or functional change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by an inhaled factor. line of demarcation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a lesion so very characteristic or distinctive that it alone is diagnostic for a disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observable changes in function, behavior, physical parameters etc |
|
|
Term
| Morphologic Diagnosis: "MDX" (definition) |
|
Definition
naming, i.e. interpretation, of a lesion using precise pathologic anatomic terms
ex: "Enteritis, lymphoplasmacytic, subacute, diffuse, moderate, with villousatrophy, subacute, diffuse, moderate" |
|
|
Term
| Differential Diagnosis- "DDX" (definition) |
|
Definition
a group of the most likely possible diagnoses to consider for the lesions observed
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the specific disease (by name) ultimately identified as being responsible for lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a detrimental secondary effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the causal agent of a disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the series of pathophysiologic events/mechanisms linked together, from initiation through final development, to explain how a lesion evolves
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of lesions at the macroscopic level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of lesions at the microscopic level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systematic post-mortem examination to determine cause of disease/death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
removal of a lesion from a living patient for histopathologic examination |
|
|
Term
| required elements of a description of a lesion |
|
Definition
-Shape
-color
-location
-size
-distribution
-texture
-internal characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TP - tissue and process term (made more informative with descriptive adjective or anatomic modifier if appropriate)
D- distribution
D- duration
S- severity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Focal: single lesion up to several centimeters
locally/focally extensive: single lesion larger than a few centimeters
multifocal: multiple lesions
multifocal coalescing: multiple lesions that join each other over time
diffuse: Majority or entire organ is affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-itis: inflammation
-oma: tumor
-osteo: bone
-myelo: marrow
-myo: muscle
-hepa: liver
-nephro: kidneys
... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Peracute: up to a few hours old
Acute: hours to days
Subacute: days to weeks
Chronic: weeks to years
Chronic-active: chronic and progressing/ spreading. has acute components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-10% buffered formalin (3.7% formaldehyde)
-tissue sample: no more that 7-10mm thick
-must be done within a short time after death to avoid autolysis of the cells
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-preserves structure
-sterilizes
-hardens the tissue to facilitate processing
|
|
|
Term
| types of microscopy used in histopath |
|
Definition
bright field
dark field
phase
fluorescence
confocal |
|
|
Term
| Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain |
|
Definition
acidic (-) cell components (e.g. nuclear components) react with basic (+) stains such as hematoxylin - “basophilic”
basic (+) cell components (e.g. cytoplasm) react with acidic (-) stains such aseosin – “acidophilic or eosinophilic” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Slide preparation steps (routine) |
|
Definition
1) trim fixed tissue to fit into cassette
2) dehydrate tissue- methanol
3) embed tissue- infiltrate with paraffin wax
4) section tissue- microtome to 3-5 micrometers
5) float sections in water onto glass slide
6) remove paraffin
7) stain
8) attach cover slip |
|
|
Term
| Alternative slide preparation |
|
Definition
touch prep/exfoliative
fine needle aspiration
frozen section |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clefts: freezing artifact
Folds
Microtome blade marks: jagged linear clefts
Separation clefts: due to stretching/shrinkage
Precipitates: acid hematin
Electrocautery artifact
Crush artifact
Autolysis artifact
|
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic limitations of touch prep and fine needle aspirate |
|
Definition
| NO information on architectural orientation and arrangement of the exfoliated or aspirated cells as they existed in the intact lesion, nor the tissue's stromal elements can be ascertained. This can preclude certain definitive diagnoses that require such information (e.g. some types of tumors). One can only ascertain the morphology of dissociated individual cells (or infectious agents) that exfoliate in a touch prep or which are aspirated using the needle method. Either method is nevertheless highly useful and gives a tentative diagnosis more often than not. |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic limitations of frozen section |
|
Definition
| The morphology and staining qualities are not as good as with formalin fixed specimens, and sometimes there can be minor freezing artifacts that hamper critical evaluation. For the occasional subtle lesion or other lesions requiring excellent morphology and preservation of detail for accurate interpretation, a definitive diagnosis may be challenging. Nevertheless the method is highly useful in the majority of cases if the required equipment is available in the medical facility being used. |
|
|
