Term
| Where are chromosomes found? |
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Definition
| In the Nucleus, in pairs- one from your father and one from your mother |
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Term
| What is a chromosome made out of? |
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Definition
| Each chromosome in a pair carries genes which code for the same characteristic |
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Term
| How many chromosomes are there in a normal body cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the diploid number? |
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Definition
| A pair of chromosomes which contain a chromosome from the mother and father |
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Term
| what is the haploid number? |
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Definition
| The gametes only have half of the diploid number |
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Term
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Definition
| Different forms of a particular gene |
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Term
| In which type of cell division are identical copies made? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A gene is a small section of the DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein which controls a particular characteristic in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA controls the sequence of amino acids that make up the different proteins |
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Term
| True or False?- Different organisms have the same haploid number of 23 |
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Definition
| False, all organisms contain different numbers of chromosoomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How can DNA be used to identify individuals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What shape does DNA have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four different types of organic bases? |
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Definition
| A ( Adenine); T (Thymine) ; G (Guanine) ; C (Cytosine) |
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Term
| What determines our characteristics? |
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Definition
| The sequence of amino acids in a specific protein is determined by the sequence of organic bases in DNA |
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Term
| What is the process of DNA Fingerprinting known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of blood cells are used for DNA Fingerprinting? Why? |
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Definition
| White Blood Cells because red blood cells do not have a nucleus and therefore don't have a nucleus but white blood cells do |
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Term
| What fluids can you use with DNA Fingerprinting? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A thread-like structure carrying genetic information found in the nucleus of the cell made of DNA and lots of genes |
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Term
| Explain the saying "one gene, one protein" |
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Definition
| A gene codes for a specific protein- one for each protein |
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Term
| Which type of cell division happens in normal body cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False- In sexual reproduction the cells of the offspring are produced by mitosis |
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Definition
| False- Asexual production the cells of the offspring are produced by mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Unspecialised cells that can divide to form many specialised cells when they are needed |
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Term
| How might stem cells be used to treat patients who are paralysed after a spinal injury? |
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Definition
| They can be used to grow new nerve cells and are used to reconnect the spinal nerves so people who are paralysed can walk again. |
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Term
| What are the pros of stem cells? |
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Definition
They can be used for therapeutic cloning
Research can help physiological diseases such as dementia
You can use bone marrow to stop leukaemia
Spare embryos from IVF are used
You can use cord blood cells so no embryos are destroyed
Organs can be made |
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Term
| What are the cons of Stem Cells? |
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Definition
Life is precious to God and embryos should not be created for stem cells
You don't know the consequences which could be severe
Sanctity of Life- Buddhists think that embryos are alive so feel pain
It is slow, difficult to control and expensive
Embryos can't give permission |
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Term
| What type of cell division is used to form gametes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Meiosis take place? |
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Definition
| In the ovary and testes of animals. |
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Term
| Which is there variation in the offspring in sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
Each gamete contain slightly different mix of alleles because they contain a random mix of the original chromosome pairs
Fertilisation is a random process so that which alleles are brought together in the eggs and sperm will vary each time |
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Term
| What happens to chromosomes in Meiosis? |
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Definition
| The chromosomes in the nucleus makes copies of themselves; then the cell splits again which gives two cells except with different pairs of alleles. They then split again. They are ripped apart to give alleles with a single set of chromosomes. |
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Term
| Why is meiosis important in sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
| It produces the haploid number of chromosomes so when they fuse they have the diploid number of chromosomes |
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Term
| How many cells are made from the original cells in Meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Mendel lucky to have chosen peas as the organism he was going to work on? |
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Definition
| Peas have discrete features; they are either on or the other not a mix. Therefore his experiments were successful. |
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Term
| How did Mendel's experiments with peas convince him there were distinct units of inheritance, which were not blended? |
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Definition
| Characteristics were dominant over others and they never mixed together e.g. yellow or purple flowers |
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Term
| What are the basic units of inheritance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did people not accept Mendel's ideas when he first published his results? |
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Definition
| Genes and chromosomes were not known in that time so there was no way of proving or justifying his experiments |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of inheritance of different characteristics by a particular organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics that are only seen in the offspring when only one allele needs to be present in the genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics that will only be seen in the offspring if two alleles are present in the genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals that are formed from gametes having the same alleles in their genotype e.g rr or RR |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals that are formed from gemets with different alleles in their genotype e.g. Rr |
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Term
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Definition
| The outward appearance of an organism's characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| The actual alleles that an organism contains |
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Term
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Definition
| Female- a homologous pair |
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Term
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Definition
| Male- Non-homologues pair |
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Term
| What is a genetic disease/ disorder? |
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Definition
| A disease produced as a result of a fault in the gene |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition where children are born with extra fingers and toes |
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Term
| Is polydactyly caused by a recessive or dominant gene? |
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Definition
| Polydactyly is caused a dominant gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Affects organs in the body e.g. pancreas, wind pipe and lung with mucus |
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Term
| How is cystic fibrosis inherited? |
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Definition
| Both parents need to be carriers but cystic fibrosis is a recessive gene so chances are low of getting it. Carriers have alleles Cc and if you have it you need cc so if both parent are carriers there is only a 25% chance. |
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Term
| What are some problems with genetic screening? |
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Definition
- Some people think its playing God by screening embryos
- Designer babies
- Screening can damage embryos
- You discard embryos
- Expensive to test
- People might not be treated equally
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