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| Heredity is the passing of traits to offspring (from its parent or ancestors). This is the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or becomes predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell or organism. |
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| A trait is a distinct variant of a phenotypic character of an organism that may be inherited, environmentally determined or somewhere in between.[ |
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| an offspring was an average of its parents. If an individual had one short parent and one tall parent, it would be of medium height. And, the offspring would pass on genes for medium sized offspring. If this was the case, new genetic variations would quickly be diluted out of a population. They could not accumulate as the theory of evolution required. |
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| particulate theory of inheritance |
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Definition
| Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism) is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent organisms to their children; it underlies much of genetics |
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Definition
| a cross between parents who are heterozygous at one locus; |
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| Why are some traits expressed (dominant) over others (recessive)? |
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Definition
| If an organism inherits two alleles that are at odds with one another, and the phenotype of the organism is determined completely by one of the alleles, then that allele is said to be dominant. The other allele, which has no tangible effect on the organism's phenotype, is said to be recessive. |
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| What letters are used to symbolize dominant and recessive alleles? |
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Definition
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| How many alleles do diploids have for each gene? |
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| An organism is referred to as being homozygous (basically meaning of the same alleles) at a specific locus when it carries two identical copies of the gene affecting a given trait on the two corresponding homologous chromosomes |
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| An organism is a heterozygote or is heterozygous at a locus or gene when it has different alleles occupying the gene's position in each of the homologous chromosomes. |
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| the genetic constitution of a cell, an organism, or an individual (i.e. the specific allele makeup of the individual) usually with reference to a specific character under consideration |
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| A phenotype is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, or behavior |
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Term
| What is a punnett square? |
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Definition
| a diagram that is used to predict the outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. |
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| Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
| states that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation. |
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| Mendel's law of segregation |
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Definition
| states that when any individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene seperate, so that each gamete receives only one copy. A gamete will receive one allele or the other |
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| a cross between two F1 offspring of two individuals that differ in two traits. For example: RRyy/rrYY or RRYY/rryy parents result in F1 offspring that are heterozygous for both R & Y. |
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| a chart which tells someone all of the known phenotypes for an organism and its ancestors, most commonly humans, show dogs, and race horses |
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Definition
| a non-sex chromosome. It is an ordinarily paired[1] type of chromosome that is the same in both sexes of a species. For example, in humans, there are 22 pairs of autosomes. The X and Y chromosomes are not autosomal. Non-autosomal chromosomes are usually referred to as sex chromosomes, allosomes or heterosomes. |
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| a heterozygous genotype that creates an intermediate phenotype. In this case, only one allele (usually the wild type) at the single locus is expressed in a doseage dependent manner, which results in an intermediate phenotype. |
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| Any of a set of three or more alleles, or alternative states of a gene, only two of which can be present in a diploid organism |
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| neither phenotype is recessive. Instead, the heterozygous individual expresses both phenotypes. |
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Definition
| refers to the inheritance of a phenotypic characteristic that varies in degree and can be attributed to the interactions between two or more genes and their environment. |
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| genes and ____ detemine the phenotype? |
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Definition
| the influence of environmental factors and possible interactions between the two |
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